FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING origination of the word "nurse" - ANS-from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish Interrelated roles of nurses - ANS-communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator coping with disability and death - ANS-nurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-life care, hospice The Nursing Process - ANS--one of major guidelines for nursing practice -helps nurses implement their roles -integrates art and science of nursing -allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning -defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing Nurse Practice Acts - ANS--define legal scope of nursing practice -create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation -define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs - established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses 5 vital signs - ANS-respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - ANS--well defined body specific and unique knowledge -strong service orientation -recognized authority by a professional group (ANA) -code of ethics -professional organization that sets standards -ongoing research -autonomy and self-regulation Florence Nightingale - ANS-defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing Clara Barton - ANS-established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James sources of knowledge - ANS--traditional ( passed down from generation to generation) -authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived expertise -scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research) objective - ANS-you can see the object subjective - ANS-coming from that subject types of knowledge - ANS--science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world) -philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop and construct on perception on life) -process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result) goals of nursing research - ANS--improve care in clinical setting -study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history -develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession -provide evidence-based nursing practice deductive reasoning - ANS-examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas inductive reasoning - ANS-one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas health - ANS-a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity illness - ANS-the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed level of functioning wellness - ANS-an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health nursing theory - ANS-differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANS-a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of patients steps in implementing EBP - ANS-Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a decision to change Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change