BIO 182 Exam 2 Sthultz Questions and Correct Answers

BIO 182 Exam 2 Sthultz Questions and Correct Answers What is systematics? Answer - Study of biological diversity and the evoluti onary relationships among organisms, both extinct and modern What is Taxonomy? Answer - Science of describing, naming, and classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses What are the 8 categories of taxonomic hierarchy (in order from species upward to broader classifications)? Answer - Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain Who is the scientist that proposed the current two -part naming system for each species? Answer - Carolus Linnaeus What are the two parts of any Latinized binomial name? Answer - Genus species What is a phylogenetic tree and what is it used for (or what is phylogeny)? Answer - -evolutionary history of a species or group o f species -To propose a phylogeny, biologists use the tools of systematics What are the two ways a new species can be formed? Answer - -Anagenesis - single species evolves into a different species -Cladogenesis - a species diverges into two or more spec ies What is Homology? Answer - Similarities among various species that occur because they are derived from a common ancestor What does cladistics compare? Answer - Study and classification of species based on evolutionary relationships -considering t he various possible pathways of changes and then choosing the tree that requires the least complex explanation What is the difference between a primitive character and a derived character? Answer - -Primitive: Shared by two or more different taxa and in herited from ancestors older than their last common ancestor -Derived: Shared by two or more species or taxa and has originated in their most recent common ancestor Be able to explain and put in a time frame some of the major episodes in the history of li fe on earth. (The clock analogy) Answer - -13.7 bya - Universe began with the Big Bang