ACVM Parasitology Boards Anthelminthics Exam Review questions and answers, 100% Accurate, Graded A+/ [LATEST EXAM UPDATES]

ACVM Parasitology Boards Anthelminthics Exam Review questions and answers, 100% Accurate, Graded A+/ verified. Q What does the MDR1 resistance gene code for and what drugs are affected by it? A P-glycoprotein which is an integral part of the BBB and is involved in active drug elimination in the liver and kidney and limits drug absorption in the gut 2 Q What breeds are most susceptible to MDR1 mutation? A Australian Shepherds, Border Collies, Shelties, Old English Sheep dogs 3 Q Breeds that have the MDR1 mutation should not be administered which drugs? A Macrocyclic lactones, vinca alkaloids, loperamide, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, cyclosporine, digoxin, diltiazem, losartan, morphine, butorphanol, fentanyl, steroids, erythromycin, rifampicin, ketoconazole, levofloxacin, cimetidine, acepromazine, amitryptiline, and domperidone 4 Q Macrocytic lactones A MOA: Macrocyclic lactones bind to glutamate receptors that trigger chloride influx, which hyperpolarizes the parasite neuron and prevents initiation or propagation of normal action potentials. The net effect is paralysis and death of the target parasite Helminth activity: Only has an effect against adult GI worms, only on microfilaria of filarial worms Formulations: Ivermectin, Eprinomectin, Moxidectin, Milbemycin, Selamectin Fun facts: excreted in the feces unchanged; Half-life of ivermectin is 2 days, moxidectin is 19 days Adverse effects: MDR1 mutation in certain breeds, common clinical signs: vomiting, ataxia, lethargy, tachycardia, hypersalivation, mydriasis, and seizures 5 Q Doramectin A Origin: Macrocytic lactone from the fermentation of Streptomyces avermitlis Half-life: 4 days MOA: bind to glutamate receptors that trigger chloride influx, which hyperpolarizes the parasite neuron and prevents initiation or propagation of normal action potentials Activity:  Cattle: GI roundworms, lungworms, eyeworms, grub, sucking lice, mange mites Injectable); pour-on can eliminate biting lice; extra-label: screwworms  Swine: injectable- GI roundworms, lungworms, kidney worms, sucking lice, mange mites  Dogs/cats: Off label for demodex Adverse effects: Cattle: do not use 35-45 days from slaughter; swine do not use 24 days from slaughter Examples: Dectomax 6 Q Eprinomectin A Origin: 2nd gen Macrocytic lactone from a fermentation product of Streptomyces avermitilis MOA: bind to glutamate receptors that trigger chloride influx, which hyperpolarizes the parasite neuron and prevents initiation or propagation of normal action potentials Activity:  Cattle: Pour on- barber pole worms, brown stomach worms, small intestinal worms, bankrupt worms, Nematodirus, nodular worms, hookworms (Bunostomum phlebotomum) threadworms, lungworms, and whipworms. cattle grubs, sucking lice, biting lice, mange mites, horn flies. Injectable can inhibit some of the L4  Sheep: Pour on- GI nematode, lungworms  Donkey: Pour-on- Strongyles  Rabbits: Extra label for ear mites (Psoroptes caniculi  Cats: combined with praziqunatel Adverse effects: Do not slaughter with 45 days of inj (cattle) Examples: Eprinex (pour on), Longrange (inj.), Centragard (cats) No withdrawal time in meat or milk with pour on 7 Q Ivermectin A Origin: Macrocytic lactone MOA: bind to glutamate receptors that trigger chloride influx, which hyperpolarizes the parasite neuron and prevents initiation or propagation of normal action potentials. Activity:  Horse: large and small strongyles, pinworms, ascarid, large mouth stomach worms, bots, lungworms, threadworms, Habronema and Drashia larvae, and Oncocerca microfilariae  Cattle: Inj.- GI roundworms, cattle grubs, lungworms, sucking lice, mange mites. Sq- prevents Dictocaulus, Oesophagostomum, common GI parasites. Off label: Parafilara bovicola and Thelazia rhosesi  American bison and reindeer: FDA approved for grubs, and warbles (Hypoderma tarandi-Reindeer)  Sheep: Drench-Adult and L4 H. contortus and adults only of H. plac