NSG 3153 Pharmacology

NSG 3153 Pharmacology The nurse explains why viruses are so difficult to treat when making what statement? A) Viruses are contained inside the human cell and cannot be destroyed without destroying the cell. B) Release of interferons by the host cell makes the virus replicate more quickly allowing the virus to spread. C) Drugs exist to treat all viral infections but they carry serious adverse effects and the benefit often does not outweigh the risk. D) Individual antiviral drugs are often effective in treating many different viruses because one virus in a category behaves like others in the same category - A) Viruses are contained inside the human cell and cannot be destroyed without destroying the cell. While calculating the drug dose of antiviral medications for children who have AIDS a pediatric nurse uses what? A) The viral complications B) The child's age C) The severity of the virus D) The child's weight - D) The child's weight A patient taking nevirapine (Viramune) as part of combination therapy for treatment of HIV took 200 mg/daily PO for 14 days. The patient is now taking 200 mg PO bid. How many mg of the medication is the patient taking daily? A) 100 mg B) 200 mg C) 300 mg D) 400 mg - D) 400 mg A hospitalized patient is receiving an antiviral drug to treat cytomegalovirus. What is the nurse's priority action after administering the antiviral drug? A) Monitor vital signs every hour. B) Decrease fluid intake. C) Keep side rails up. D) Encourage the patient to ambulate 10 minutes after each dose. - C) Keep side rails up. A nurse is caring for a stroke victim in the intensive care unit. The nurse notices a cold sore and requests medication. Docosanol (Abreva) is ordered. Before applying the medication, the nurse would first? A)Clean the area to be treated and then pat it dry. B) Assess the area for open lesions or abrasions. C) Put gloves on to protect herself. D) Prepare applicator for drug administration. - B) Assess the area for open lesions or abrasions. The school nurse is preparing a lecture on hepatitis B for a health class in high school. What is an important teaching point for the nurse to include about the transmission of hepatitis B? (Select all that apply.) A) Hepatitis B is transmitted through the bite of an insect. B) Hepatitis B is transmitted through sexual contact. C) Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. D) Hepatitis B is transmitted from the mother to her unborn baby. E) Hepatitis B is transmitted through nonsexual household contact. - B) Hepatitis B is transmitted through sexual contact. C) Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. D) Hepatitis B is transmitted from the mother to her unborn baby. A 21-year-old woman presents with cytomegalovirus (CMV). The LPN says, ​I've never heard of CMV before.​ The nurse explains to the LPN that this infection is most often seen with patients diagnosed with what? A) HIV B) Influenza C) Autoimmune disorder D) Hepatitis B - A) HIV The nurse is assessing a patient admitted with AIDS who is taking a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. What nursing diagnosis is most likely to be appropriate for this patient? A) Risk for injury related to central nervous system (CNS) effects of the drug B) Excess fluid volume related to renal failure C) Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements, related to gastrointestinal (GI) effects of the drugs D) Ineffective health maintenance related to spiritual distress - C) Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements, related to gastrointestinal (GI) effects of the drugs The nurse is caring for a patient hospitalized with hepatitis B. The family comes to visit and a family member asks the nurse if it is safe to visit. What is the nurse's best response? A) ​You seem fearful. Why do you think you are at risk? ​B) ​Don't worry, you will not contract the disease from the patient.​ C) ​There is no risk unless you come in contact with blood and body fluids.​ D) ​The patient should be isolated and have limited visitation. - C) ​There is no risk unless you come in contact with blood and body fluids.​ A patient newly diagnosed with HIV is receiving patient teaching from the clinic nurse about antiviral medications. What would the nurse tell the patient needs to be reported to a health care provider? A) Dizziness B) Constipation C) Vomiting D) Rash - D) Rash The nurse is planning care for an AIDS patient admitted with chronic severe diarrhea secondary to adverse effects of the antiviral drugs prescribed. What would be the most appropriate goal for this patient? A) Patient will show improved nutritional status evidenced by weight gain. B) Alleviation or reduction of signs and symptoms of AIDS. C) Patient will be able to demonstrate the effectiveness of the teaching plan. D) Patient will state that comfort and safety measures are effective and show compliance with the regimen. - A) Patient will show improved nutritional status evidenced by weight gain. A nurse practitioner is teaching a health class in the local high school. The NP informs the class about hepatitis B. What occupation does the NP inform the class is at the greatest risk for contracting hepatitis B? A) Policemen B) Health care workers C) Educators D) Fire fighters - B) Health care workers Some antiviral agents are given locally to treat local viral infections. How do these medications work? (Select all that apply.) A) Interfere with viral metabolic processes B) Interfere with viral cellular replication C) Interfere with host metabolic processes D) Interfere with viral transcription E) Increase antibody production - A) Interfere with viral metabolic processes B) Interfere with viral cellular replication What drug used to treat influenza A should not be used by nursing mothers? A) Ribavirin (Rebetron) B) Rimantadine (Flumadine) C) Valganciclovir (Valcyte) D) Acyclovir (Zovirax) - B) Rimantadine (Flumadine) The nurse admits a patient for treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV). The patient has been ordered foscarnet (Foscavir), 40 mg/kg q8 12h given over 2 hours. By what route would the nurse administer this drug? A) Sub q B) IV C) IM D) PO - B) IV For what viruses might the nurse administer acyclovir (Zovirax)? (Select all that apply.) A) Herpes simplex virus B) Shingles C) Chickenpox D) HIV E) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Ans: A, B, C - A) Herpes simplex virus B) Shingles C) Chickenpox A 17-year-old male patient with athlete's foot is extremely upset that he cannot get rid of it. He calls the clinic and asks the nurse whether the doctor can give him an antibiotic to cure the infection. What should the nurse include in the explanation of treatment for fungal infections? A) Fungi differ from bacteria in that the fungus has flexible cell walls that allow for free transfer into and out of the cell. B) Protective layers contain sterols, which change the membrane permeability. C) The composition of the protective layers of the fungal cell makes the organism resistant to antibiotics. D) Fungi cell walls contain Candida, which makes the cells rigid. - C) The composition of the protective layers of the fungal cell makes the organism resistant to antibiotics. The nurse admits a 1-year-old child to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) with cryptococcal meningitis. What drug will the nurse anticipate receiving an order for to treat this child? A) Amphotericin B (Fungizone) B) Fluconazole (Diflucan) C) Griseofulvin (Fulvicin) D) Ketoconazole (Nizoral) - B) Fluconazole (Diflucan) The nurse is teaching the patient about a newly prescribed systemic antifungal drug. What sign or symptom will the nurse instruct the patient to report to the provider immediately? A) Unusual bruising and bleeding B) Constipation or diarrhea C) Red and dry eyes D) Increased appetite with weight gain - A) Unusual bruising and bleeding A patient asks the nurse if he or she should use a topical antifungal. The nurse is aware that the most important contraindication to topical antifungals is what? A) Hepatic impairment B) Renal impairment C) Congestive heart failure D) Known allergy to any of the antifungal drugs - D) Known allergy to any of the antifungal drugs An 85-year-old man who is a resident in an extended-care facility has athlete's foot. After applying an antifungal cream, what is the nurse's next action? A) Wipe away excess medication from the affected area. B) Wrap a sterile kling dressing around both feet. C) Elevate the feet for 30 minutes. D) Apply clean dry socks. - D) Apply clean dry socks. A patient who is using a topical antifungal agent to treat mycosis calls the clinic to report a severe rash that is accompanied by blisters. What will the nurse instruct the patient to do? A) Continue the drug as the prescription indicates. B) Scrub the rash with soap and water. C) Stop using the drug immediately. D) Decrease the amount of the medication used. - C) Stop using the drug immediately. What drug would the nurse administer orally without the need to question when treating infections caused by Candida albicans? A) Amphotericin B (Abelcet) B) Tolnaftate (Tinactin) C) Griseofulvin (Fulvicin) D) Fluconazole (Diflucan) - D) Fluconazole (Diflucan) By what route would the nurse administer amphotericin B? A) Intravenously B) Intramuscularly C) Orally D) Topically - A) Intravenously The nurse is reviewing the patient's medications and sees fluconazole has been ordered. The nurse will question this order when finding the patient is taking what other medication? A) Digoxin B) Humulin insulin C) Acetaminophen D) Hydrochlorothiazide - A) Digoxin The nurse admits a patient diagnosed with a systemic fungal infection and is ordered IV fluconazole. When developing the plan of care for this patient, the nurse would use what nursing diagnosis related to this medication? A) Chronic pain related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system, central nervous system (CNS), and local effects of drug B) Risk for altered perfusion secondary to system cardiovascular effects of drug C) Disturbed sensory perception (kinesthetic) related to CNS effects D) Monitor IV sites to ensure that phlebitis or infiltration does not occur. - C) Disturbed sensory perception (kinesthetic) related to CNS effects What factors would the nurse indicate as contributing to an increase in diagnosed fungal infections? (Select all that apply.) A) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex B) Increased prevalence of cancer C) Rise in birth rates across the country D) Greater number of older adults E) Increased use of immunosuppressants - A) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex D) Greater number of older adults E) Increased use of immunosuppressants A patient who has received a heart transplant is taking cyclosporine. The patient is found to have a systemic Aspergillus infection. What drug would the nurse question if ordered for this patient? A) Terbinafine B) Posaconazole C) Itraconazole D) Ketoconazole - D) Ketoconazole What antifungal would be appropriate for the nurse to administer to treat a patient with an oropharyngeal candidiasis? A) Itraconazole B) Fluconazole C) Posaconazole D) Clotrimazole - D) Clotrimazole When caring for a 92-year-old patient, the nurse would anticipate the need for what interventions related to administration of any antifungal medications? (Select all that apply.) A) Dose reduction B) Frequent monitoring C) Frequent testing of liver function D) Shorter course of treatment E) Continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring - A) Dose reduction B) Frequent monitoring C) Frequent testing of liver function The nurse is reading the patient's medical record and discovers the patient has a mycosis and interprets this as meaning what? A) An infection caused by a fungus B) A fungus normally found on mucous membranes C) A systemic fungal infection D) A fungal infection with a secondary bacterial infection - A) An infection caused by a fungus The nurse admits a patient suspected of having a fungal infection. What action will the nurse need to take before a systemic antifungal can be prescribed? (Select all that apply.) A) Initiate IV therapy. B) Assess history of liver or kidney disease. C) Obtain a culture of the fungus. D) Request the patient sign a consent form. E) Assess history of lymphatic disease. - B) Assess history of liver or kidney disease. C) Obtain a culture of the fungus. The patient is admitted for IV administration of antifungal medication with the plan to discharge the patient on oral medication in a few days. What medication would the nurse be able to administer both IV and orally? A) Fluconazole B) Itraconazole C) Posaconazole D) Terbinafine - A) Fluconazole The patient is having an acute malarial attack with chills and fever. The nurse knows chills and fever are caused by what? A) Formation of sporozoites into the system B) Rupture of red blood cells due to invasion of merozoites C) Invasion of the tsetse fly into the central nervous system D) Release of amastigotes into the blood vessels - B) Rupture of red blood cells due to invasion of merozoites Patients receiving chloroquine (Aralen Phosphate) for malaria prophylaxis should receive patient teaching from the nurse, which includes instructions to receive what regularly? A) Cardiovascular studies B) Eye exams C) Immunizations D) Pulmonary studies - B) Eye exams The nurse is writing a plan of care for a patient receiving antimalarial drug therapy. What nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for this patient if common adverse effects were indicated? A) Disturbed sensory perception (visual) related to central nervous system effects B) Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements C) Constipation D) Ineffective breathing pattern - A) Disturbed sensory perception (visual) related to central nervous system effects A patient with giardiasis is being treated with metronidazole. What comment by the patient would indicate that the nurse needs to provide further teaching? A) I can continue to work delivering pizza because the disease is not contagious. B) I will not lose my hair during drug therapy. C) I know I will experience diarrhea during this time. D) I shouldn't experience irregular menstrual periods. - A) I can continue to work delivering pizza because the disease is not contagious. During treatment of amebiasis with chloroquine (Aralen Phosphate), the nurse assesses the patient for what adverse effects? A) Diarrhea B) Weight gain C) Hypertension D) Seizures - A) Diarrhea infection. What would be a priority for the nurse to assess for? A) Whether she is breast-feeding B) Whether she has a support network C) Whether she has money to pay for the medication D) Whether she eats a protein-rich diet - A) Whether she is breast-feeding What statements made by the 36-year-old patient leads the nurse to believe that he or she has understood the teaching regarding metronidazole (Flagyl)? A) I will refrain from operating heavy machinery while I am taking this medication. B) I will avoid foods high in vitamin C. C) I will not drink alcohol while I am taking this medication. D) I will contact my physician if I have a cold. - C) I will not drink alcohol while I am taking this medication. The emergency room nurse admits a patient suspected of having giardiasis. What symptoms would the nurse expect the patient to present with? A) Voluminous soft unformed stool B) Frothy voluminous pale stool C) Pale and mucous-filled stool D) Frothy tan stool - C) Pale and mucous-filled stool What is the priority teaching point to be provided by the nurse to a patient being treated for trichomoniasis to prevent reinfection? A) Meats should be fully cooked before eaten. B) Sexual partners should be treated. C) Wash hands before eating. D) Purify all drinking water when camping. - B) Sexual partners should be treated. How does the nurse teach the patient to take chloroquine (Aralen Phosphate)? A) On an empty stomach B) With 8 ounces of water C) With meals D) With orange juice followed by 8 ounces of water - C) With meals The nurse, learning about malaria, discovers that the transmission of malaria occurs when what is injected into the human body by the infected mosquito? A) Sporozoites B) Gametocytes C) Schizonts D) Merozoites - A) Sporozoites The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking antimalarial medications. The nurse teaches the patient about the medication and explains the need to report what signs and symptoms immediately because of its association with a serious adverse effect? A) Loss of appetite B) Loss of hair C) Loss of vision D) Loss of sensation - C) Loss of vision A patient has been prescribed an antimalarial as prophylaxis for the disease. What assessment finding would the nurse recognize as indicating the patient has a common adverse effect? A) Dyspepsia B) Hematemesis C) Tarry stool D) Tachycardia - A) Dyspepsia A patient, recently returned from a vacation in the tropics, is diagnosed with leishmaniasis. The patient asks the nurse how he or shes got this disease. What is the nurse's best response? A) You got this disease from a mosquito bite. B) You got this disease from unsanitary drinking water. C) You got this disease from eating unsanitary food. D) You got this disease from the bites of sand flies. - D) You got this disease from the bites of sand flies. The patient, a physician returning from a trip to the tropics, is prescribed chloroquine and asks the nurse how it works. What is the nurse's best response? A) Blocks the plasmodium's ability to synthesize ribonucleic acid B) Changes the metabolic pathways necessary for the reproduction of the plasmodium C) Interrupts the cell wall preventing entry of nutrients into the plasmodium D) It is alkaline and decreases the ability of the parasite to synthesize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). - B) Changes the metabolic pathways necessary for the reproduction of the plasmodium The nurse, working in a pediatric clinic, admits a patient who will be traveling to a country where malaria is endemic. What is the safest treatment for this child? A) No prophylaxis is administered because of the severity of adverse effects. B) Call the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or local health department for the safest possible treatment. C) Administer extremely small doses of chloroquine. D) Any antimalarials in appropriate dosages can be administered. - B) Call the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or local health department for the safest possible treatment. The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica that resulted in the patient having amebic dysentery. What questions might the nurse ask in an attempt to discover how the patient came in contact with the organism? (Select all that apply.) A) Have you traveled outside the country recently? B) Have you been swimming in a lake or pond recently? C) Have you been eating fresh fruits or vegetables without washing them first? D) Have you been bitten by a mosquito? E) Have you had unprotected sex recently? - A) Have you traveled outside the country recently? B) Have you been swimming in a lake or pond recently? C) Have you been eating fresh fruits or vegetables without washing them first? The nurse explains that the drugs metronidazole (Flagyl) or tinidazole (Tindamax) can be administered to treat what protozoan infections? (Select all that apply.) A) Trichomoniasis B) Giardiasis C) Amebiasis D) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia E) Cryptosporidium parvum - A) Trichomoniasis B) Giardiasis C) Amebiasis How does the nurse adapt the plan of care when caring for an older adult receiving an antiprotozoal agent? A) Patients should be monitored more closely for toxic adverse effects. B) The drug dosage should be lowered for all older adults. C) Antiprotozoal agents should not be administered to older adults. D) Female patients of appropriate age should be advised to use barrier contraceptives. - A) Patients should be monitored more closely for toxic adverse effects. A public health nurse is speaking to parents of first graders. When discussing worm infection, the nurse will explain that the most common type found in U.S. school-aged children is what? A) Pinworms B) Roundworms C) Threadworms D) Whipworms - A) Pinworms A mother of a 3-year-old child brings her child to the clinic. The child is diagnosed with pinworms. What drug would be the best choice for the patient? A) Pyrantel (Pin-Rid) B) Ivermectin (Stromectol) C) Mebendazole (Vermox) D) Albendazole (Albenza) - C) Mebendazole (Vermox) A nurse is teaching a patient who has been diagnosed with trichinosis. The nurse will include in the discussion that trichinosis is caused by roundworms having what effect? A) Disruption of the host's normal cellular functions causing cell death and resulting in disease B) Invasion of body tissues seriously damages lymphatic tissue, lungs, the central nervous system, heart, and liver C) Exposure to the delicate mucous membranes of the anus and colon producing local irritation D) Easily passed from one individual to another resulting in rapid spreading within a work place - B) Invasion of body tissues seriously damages lymphatic tissue, lungs, the central nervous system, heart, and liver When instructing a patient about the therapeutic effectiveness of an anthelmintic drug, the nurse would be sure to include what? A) Any person exposed to the patient should also be treated. B) The drugs should never be taken with food. C) The infected person should be isolated. D) Strict hygiene measures are important in eradicating the worm. - D) Strict hygiene measures are important in eradicating the worm. The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hookworms. The patient is receiving mebendazole (Vermox). What would the nurse expect to see in this patient? A) Increased bilirubin B) Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin C) Increased aspartate transaminase levels D) Decreased blood sugar - B) Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin A mother brings her child to the clinic where the child is diagnosed with hookworms. The mother asks how the child got hookworms. What would the nurse tell the mother is the route of entry for hookworm? A) Inhalation B) Contact with skin C) Ingestion of undercooked foods D) Blood-borne exposure - B) Contact with skin What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient with tapeworm? A) Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements B) Chronic pain C) Constipation D) Impaired mobility - A) Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements What helmintic infestation occurs in tropical areas and is carried by snails? A) Schistosomiasis B) Platyhelminths C) Trichinosis D) Filariasis - A) Schistosomiasis A mother brings her 18-month-old son into the clinic. The child is diagnosed with pinworms. Which anthelmintic would the nurse expect to be prescribed? A) Pyrantel B) Mebendazole C) Ivermectin D) Praziquantel - B) Mebendazole The nurse is counseling a patient who has been prescribed mebendazole for a worm infestation. What adverse effects would the nurse caution this patient about? A) Fever B) Constipation C) Nausea D) Hematuria - A) Fever The nurse is presenting at an educational event about pinworms at the local elementary school during an outbreak of the infestation. What suggestion would the nurse give the attendees to prevent a recurrence of the infestation? A) Tell the children not to share combs and brushes. B) Tell the children not to drink out of other peoples drinks. C) Avoid pajamas in favor of night gowns. D) Shower the children every morning. - D) Shower the children every morning. A mother asks the nurse what to look for if her child has pinworms. What would be the nurse's best response? A) Hard stools full of worms B) Perianal itching C) Upset stomach D) Bloody diarrhea - B) Perianal itching What laboratory test will the nurse obtain to determine what type of helminth is infecting the patient? A) Stool culture B) Stool for ova and parasite C) Renal function studies D) Liver function studies - B) Stool for ova and parasite The nurse is caring for an 85-year-old woman diagnosed with a roundworm infection in addition to heart disease, chronic renal failure, and history of a stroke. The patient is prescribed mebendazole. What assessments will be of particular importance for this patient related to drug therapy? (Select all that apply.) A) Hydration B) Nutritional status C) Liver function D) Cognitive function E) Respiratory function - A) Hydration B) Nutritional status D) Cognitive function The process of cancerous cells exhibiting a loss of cellular differentiation and organization leading to a loss of their ability to function normally is called what? A) Anaplasia B) Angiogenesis C) Autonomy D) Metastasis - A) Anaplasia The mitotic inhibitors interfere with the ability of a cell to divide and they block or alter deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, thus causing cell death. What is important for the nurse to remember when administering these drugs? A) The nurse should encourage the patient to eat six small meals a day. B) The nurse should avoid any skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact with the drug. C) The nurse should avoid using a distal vein. D) The nurse should check for extravasation when the infusion is over. - B) The nurse should avoid any skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact with the drug. A nurse is preparing an antineoplastic agent for a 9-year-old cancer patient. Before administering an antineoplastic agent, what is the nurse's priority action? A) Wash his or her hands. B) Identify the child by checking the arm band and asking him or her to state his or her name. C) Ensure a quiet environment so the patient can sleep during administration of the drug. D) Check laboratory studies to determine most recent measures of bone marrow function. - D) Check laboratory studies to determine most recent measures of bone marrow function. A 42-year-old woman with breast cancer has had a radical mastectomy. She will have radiation therapy and then begin chemotherapy. Drug therapy will consist of a combination of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel. What will the nurse include in her teaching plan concerning the drug therapy? A) Stay on a low-fat diet during the course of the drug therapy. B) Take special care when shaving or when brushing her teeth. C) Continue to go to church or to the mall just as she did before the diagnosis of cancer. D) Stay in bed 2 days after each administration. - B) Take special care when shaving or when brushing her teeth. The nurse should exercise caution when administering antimetabolites to a patient diagnosed with what? A) Bone marrow suppression B) Diabetes mellitus C) Hypertension D) Seizure activity - A) Bone marrow suppression A patient diagnosed with a malignancy is receiving an antimetabolite as part of his or her medication therapy. What would the nurse be sure to teach this patient about his or her antimetabolite medication? (Select all that apply.) A) Report all other drugs and alternative therapies he or she is taking. B) Use safety measures due to possible dizziness, headache, and drowsiness. C) Cover the head at extremes of temperature. D) Plan for appropriate exercise regimens. E) Avoid being alone as much as possible. - A) Report all other drugs and alternative therapies he or she is taking. B) Use safety measures due to possible dizziness, headache, and drowsiness. C) Cover the head at extremes of temperature. The nurse explains that the signs and symptoms caused by cancer are a result of what? A) Overgrowth of tumor cells B) Enzymes that generate blood vessels C) Tumor cells invading healthy tissue D) Metastasis - C) Tumor cells invading healthy tissue The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with a primary brain tumor. The patient asks the nurse where his or her tumor came from. What is the nurse's best response? A) Your tumor originated from somewhere outside the CNS from a cell just like other cells. B) Your tumor is from the pituitary gland in origin. C) Your tumor originated from a single cell that is genetically different from nearby cells. D) Your tumor is from nerve tissue somewhere in your body. - C) Your tumor originated from a single cell that is genetically different from nearby cells. A patient asks the nurse what a cancer cell's growth rate is called. What is the nurse's best response? A) Cancer cell's growth rate is called proliferation. B) Cancer cell's growth rate is called anaplasia. C) Cancer cell's growth rate is called pleomorphism. D) Cancer cell's growth rate is called neoplasm. - A) Cancer cell's growth rate is called proliferation. What nursing diagnosis is a priority for the 87-year-old woman, who has stomatitis secondary to the administration of methotrexate? (Select all that apply.) A) Impaired skin integrity B) Risk for infection C) Imbalanced nutrition D) Risk for bleeding E) Hopelessness - A) Impaired skin integrity B) Risk for infection C) Imbalanced nutrition D) Risk for bleeding What measure protects the nurse when preparing cytotoxic drugs? A) Wearing protective equipment such as gloves, mask, and gown B) Washing hands before preparation C) Mixing medication in a 1-L bag D) Administering medication IM - A) Wearing protective equipment such as gloves, mask, and gown A female patient prescribed methotrexate for meningeal leukemia is asking the nurse about adverse effects of the drug. What would the nurse tell this patient should be avoided while taking methotrexate? A) Pregnancy B) Aerobic exercise C) Smoking D) Alcohol - A) Pregnancy The nursing instructor teaches the students that antineoplastic drugs are often carcinogens. The students are surprised to hear this and ask why. The instructor's best response includes what information? A) The drugs kill cells resulting in a need for more cellular growth with risk of a mutant cell. B) These drugs do so much damage to so many human cells that the patient is debilitated. C) If the patient remains cancer free for 2 years and then cancer is found, it is caused by the drugs. D) Palliative therapy promotes the growth of new cancer cells because it is not strong enough. - A) The drugs kill cells resulting in a need for more cellular growth with risk of a mutant cell. A nurse has admitted a 10-year-old child to the short-stay unit. The child has complained of chronic headaches and his or her mother reports that he or she gives him or her acetaminophen (Tylenol) at least twice a day. What will the nurse evaluate? A) Renal function B) Hepatic function C) Respiratory function D) Cardiac function - B) Hepatic function The nurse is discussing ethnic differences in response to medication with your nursing students. What group of people would the nurse tell the students may have a decreased sensitivity to pain-relieving effects of anti-inflammatory drugs and should be educated concerning signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding from use of these drugs? A) African Americans B) White Americans C) Hispanics D) Asians - A) African Americans The nurse is caring for a 66-pound child with orders for choline magnesium trisalicylate (Tricosal). The orders read 50 mg/kg/d PO in two divided doses. How many milligram will the patient receive per dose? A) 250 mg B) 500 mg C) 750 mg D) 1,000 mg - C) 750 mg A nurse is caring for a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis who takes anti-inflammatory agents on a regular basis. What medication should the nurse question if ordered by the physician to be taken in addition to the anti-inflammatory agent? A) Oral antidiabetic agent B) Calcium channel blocker C) Beta-blocker D) Antibiotic - C) Beta-blocker A nurse is assessing a patient who has been taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). What statement by the patient indicates to the nurse that the patient has a good understanding of the use of this therapy? A) I drink a glass of wine just about every night. B) I asked my doctor to check for blood in my stool regularly. C) I do not like to swallow tablets so I crush them. D) I drink as little water as possible when I take my medication. - B) I asked my doctor to check for blood in my stool regularly. A mother has brought her 6-year-old child to the clinic. The child has a fever of 102.8ºF and is diagnosed with the flu. What medication will the nurse suggest for this child? A) Etanercept (Enbrel) B) Penicillamine (Depen) C) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) D) Aspirin (Bayer) - C) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) A nurse is presenting an educational event for a group of new parents. One topic that the nurse addresses is the overuse of acetaminophen, which can cause liver toxicity. What would the nurse tell the parents it is important to do? A) Do not give acetaminophen (Tylenol) unless you receive a doctor's order. B) Check the label of over-the-counter (OTC) medications carefully to watch for inclusions of acetaminophen in the ingredients. C) Monitor their child's temperature carefully and regulate the Tylenol dose based on the fever. D) Mix OTC children's medications to get the best coverage for their child's symptoms. - B) Check the label of over-the-counter (OTC) medications carefully to watch for inclusions of acetaminophen in the ingredients. A mother asks the nurse how acetaminophen works. What statement best describes the therapeutic action of acetaminophen? A) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) works by blocking the increase of interleukin-1. B) Acetaminophen reacts with free-floating tumor necrosis (TNF) factor released by active leukocytes. C) Acetaminophen acts directly on the hypothalamus to cause vasodilation and sweating. D) Acetaminophen is taken up by macrophages, thus inhibiting phagocytosis and release of lysosomal enzymes. - C) Acetaminophen acts directly on the hypothalamus to cause vasodilation and sweating. Antipyretic drugs (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen) often are used to alleviate the discomforts of fever and to protect vulnerable organs, such as the brain, from extreme elevations in body temperature. However, the use of aspirin in children is limited due to the possibility of what disease? A) Munchausen's syndrome B) Guillain-Barré syndrome C) Angelman's syndrome D) Reye's syndrome - D) Reye's syndrome A nurse is caring for a patient in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse would expect what medication classification to be used in the treatment of this patient? A) Antimalarial agents B) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) C) Xanthine oxidase inhibitors D) Uricosuric agents - B) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) The nurse is preparing to administer a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to an older patient. What NSAID is associated with increased toxicity and should be avoided if possible? A) Naproxen (Aleve) B) Ibuprofen (Motrin) C) Indomethacin (Indocin) D) Etodolac (Lodine) - A) Naproxen (Aleve) What medication used to treat rheumatic arthritis not only has anti-inflammatory effects but is also used in premature infants to close a patent ductus arteriosus? A) Penicillamine B) Indomethacin C) Antimalarials D) Prednisone - B) Indomethacin The nurse teaches a patient with rheumatic disease who is being prescribed salicylate therapy to monitor himself or herself for what? A) Tinnitus B) Visual changes C) Stomatitis D) Hirsutism - A) Tinnitus The nurse assesses laboratory results related to blood clotting when the assigned patient takes what drug regularly? (Select all that apply.) A) Salicylates B) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) C) Gold compounds D) Acetaminophen E) Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) - A) Salicylates B) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) A patient presents at the emergency department complaining of dizziness, mental confusion, and difficulty hearing. What should the nurse suspect is wrong with the patient? A) Anakinra toxicity B) Ibuprofen toxicity C) Salicylism D) Acetaminophen toxicity - C) Salicylism A mother brings her 3-year-old child to the emergency department telling the nurse the child has eaten a bottle of baby aspirin. The mother cannot tell the nurse how many tablets were in the bottle. What dose of salicylate would be toxic in a child? A) 2 g B) 3 g C) 4 g D) 5 g - C) 4 g A patient arrives at the emergency department brought by his or her friends. The friends tell the nurse that the patient has taken a whole bottle of aspirin. Blood work for salicylate toxicity is run. What does the nurse expect the results to be? A) >5 g B) >10 g C) >15 g D) >20 g - D) >20 g When nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are combined with loop diuretics, there is a potential for what? A) Decreased antihypertensive effect B) Decreased diuretic effect C) Lithium toxicity D) Anaphylactoid reactions - B) Decreased diuretic effect The nurse is caring for a patient who reports taking 800 mg of ibuprofen three times a day for relief of menstrual cramps. What lab results will the nurse find most significant in assessing this patient? A) Complete blood count B) White blood cell differential C) Arterial blood gas D) Cholesterol and triglyceride profile - A) Complete blood count The patient has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. She also reports pain in various muscle groups secondary to a diagnosis of fibromyalgia and dysmenorrhea with painful cramping during menses. What drug would be most effective in treating all three of this patient's problems? A) Naproxen (Naprosyn) B) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) C) Etanercept (Enbrel) D) Sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) - A) Naproxen (Naprosyn) The nurse is teaching the patient, who has been newly prescribed etanercept (Enbrel), how to administer the medication. What statement is accurate? A) Be sure to drink a whole glass of water when swallowing the pill. B) Do not take this medication for at least 1 hour after taking an antacid. C) You can use each of the subcutaneous injection sites to avoid tissue damage. D) Inject this medication deeply into the muscle to promote absorption. - C) You can use each of the subcutaneous injection sites to avoid tissue damage. The pediatric patient has a fever and the nurse is preparing to administer an antipyretic. What drug would be the best choice for this patient? A) Balsalazide (Colazal) B) Naproxen (Naprosyn) C) Indomethacin (Indocin) D) Aspirin - B) Naproxen (Naprosyn) A 30-year-old woman has been diagnosed with leukemia and will be using an immune modulator for treatment. What will be important to discuss with the patient when the nurse provides patient teaching about her treatment? A) The need to continue oral contraceptives B) The need to use barrier contraceptives while taking the drug C) The need to avoid sexual intercourse while taking the drug D) The importance of taking an aspirin daily to decrease the adverse effects of the drug - B) The need to use barrier contraceptives while taking the drug A patient who is receiving an immune suppressant has been admitted to the unit. What would be a priority action by the nurse? A) Monitor nutritional status. B) Provide patient teaching regarding the drug. C) Protect the patient from exposure to infection. D) Provide support and comfort measures in relation to adverse effects of the drug. - C) Protect the patient from exposure to infection. A nurse is discussing interferon alfa 2b with a patient. What will the nurse encourage the patient to do while taking this drug? A) To avoid crowds B) To increase salt intake C) To decrease milk intake D) To eat three meals a day - A) To avoid crowds While studying for a pharmacology test, a student asks his peers about interferons. What statement about interferons is accurate? A) They stimulate B-lymphocyte activity. B) They interfere with multiplication of stem cells. C) They stimulate growth and differentiation of lymphoid cells into lymphocytes. D) They interfere with the ability of viruses in infected cells to replicate. - D) They interfere with the ability of viruses in infected cells to replicate. How do immune suppressants work when ordered for a patient who has had an organ transplant? A) Blocking normal effects of the immune system B) Stimulating immune system to fight off infection C) Working with corticosteroids to enhance healing D) Working with corticosteroids to promote suppressor cells - A) Blocking normal effects of the immune system The nurse admits a patient who was newly diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma to the unit. The physician has ordered an IV infusion of an interferon. What drug would be appropriate? A) Interferon beta1a B) Interferon gamma 1b C) Interferon alfa 2b D) Peginterferon alfa 2b - C) Interferon alfa 2b The pharmacology instructor is talking about interferon. The instructor explains that agents, such as interferons, have more than one biologic function. What are the functions of interferons? (Select all that apply.) A) Antibacterial B) Antiviral C) Immunomodulatory D) Antiproliferative E) Anticancer - B) Antiviral C) Immunomodulatory D) Antiproliferative The pharmacology instructor is explaining interleukins to the class. What would be the best definition of interleukins? A) They are substances naturally produced and released by human cells that have been invaded by viruses. B) They block the inflammatory reaction and decrease initial damage to cells. C) They are chemicals used to communicate between leukocytes and stimulate immunity. D) They attach to specific receptor sites and respond to very specific situations. - C) They are chemicals used to communicate between leukocytes and stimulate immunity. While studying the T- and B-cell immune suppressors, the nursing students learn that the most commonly used immune suppressant is what? A) Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) B) Azathioprine (Imuran) C) Pimecrolimus (Elidel) D) Glatiramer (Copaxone) - A) Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) The nurse is preparing a patient to receive immunosuppressant drugs on an outpatient basis. What is the priority for the nurse to arrange for this patient in the home environment? A) A caregiver who is skilled in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) B) A caregiver who will provide adequate nutrition C) Supportive care and comfort measures D) Arrange for a home care nurse to administer injections - C) Supportive care and comfort measures The nurse is caring for a patient who has a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B infection and has been prescribed an immune stimulant. After teaching the patient about the treatment plan, how might the nurse evaluate the effectiveness of teaching? A) The patient can state where to go to get the medication. B) The patient can state who will administer the medication. C) The patient can state what positive effects to watch for. D) The patient can state specific measures to avoid adverse effects. - D) The patient can state specific measures to avoid adverse effects. The nurse, working with a nursing student, is caring for a patient who is to receive interleukins. The student nurse asks you what happens physiologically when a patient receives interleukins. What is the nurse's best response? A) It really helps the patient! B) The patient has increases in the number of natural killer cells. C) The patient has decreased cytokine activity. D) The patient gets really sick from flu-like symptoms and then they get better. - B) The patient has increases in the number of natural killer cells. The nurse is caring for a child requiring cyclosporine to prevent rejection. Cyclosporine is given to adults using a dosage of 15 mg/kg. The nurse calculates the child's dosage is 20 mg/kg. What is the nurse's priority action? A) Administer the drug. B) Hold the dose and question the ordering provider. C) Complete an incident report if this dosage has already been given before. D) Notify the nursing supervisor of the medication error. - A) Administer the drug. When caring for older adults receiving immune modulators, what are the nurse's priorities of care? (Select all that apply.) A) Assess carefully for infection. B) Obtain baseline liver function studies and monitor follow-up studies. C) Determine dosage based on renal and liver function. D) Minimize teaching to avoid causing confusion. E) Encourage the family to visit often, especially young children. - A) Assess carefully for infection. B) Obtain baseline liver function studies and monitor follow-up studies. C) Determine dosage based on renal and liver function. The nurse teaches the female patient receiving immune modulating drugs about the need to use barrier contraceptives. The patient says, I hate using barrier contraceptives. Why can't I just take oral contraceptives? What is the nurse's best response? A) Effects of oral contraceptives may be altered by liver changes or changes in immune response. B) Oral contraceptives increase the action of immune modulating drugs so dosage needs to be reduced. C) Immune modulators make oral contraceptives ineffective because of hormonal impact of drugs. D) Oral contraceptives are acceptable if barrier contraceptives are distasteful, but only high-estrogen pills can be used. - A) Effects of oral contraceptives may be altered by liver changes or changes in immune response. The nurse is caring for a young adult woman taking immune modulating medications who has been advised to use barrier contraceptives but she wants to start her family. What information can the nurse provide about these drugs to help this patient with her decision-making? A) Discuss the desire to start a family with the provider so risk can be minimized. B) Immune modulating drugs will need to be discontinued if pregnancy occurs. C) Immune modulating drugs have been proven to be highly teratogenic. D) Pregnancy is not an option when taking immune modulating drugs but adoption is an option. - A) Discuss the desire to start a family with the provider so risk can be minimized. The nursing instructor is discussing immunity with her clinical group. What statement would the instructor make that would be accurate about immunity? A) Active immunity occurs with injected antibodies that react with specific antigens. B) Serum sickness results when the body fights antibodies injected as a form of active immunity. C) Passive immunity occurs when foreign proteins are recognized and the body produces antibodies. D) Passive immunity is limited, lasting only as long as the antibodies circulate. - D) Passive immunity is limited, lasting only as long as the antibodies circulate. A mother brings her 18-month-old child into the clinic for a well-baby check-up. A nurse will administer measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) to the child. What dosage will the nurse administer? A) 1.0 mL subcutaneously B) 0.75 mL subcutaneously C) 0.5 mL subcutaneously D) 0.25 mL subcutaneously - C) 0.5 mL subcutaneously The mother of a newborn is learning about immunization schedules. The nurse tells this mother her child will ideally receive the immunization for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) on what schedule? A) 2 months, 4 months, between 6 and 18 months, and between 4 and 6 years B) 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and between 12 and 15 months C) Between 12 and 15 months and between 4 and 6 years D) Between 24 months and 18 years of age - C) Between 12 and 15 months and between 4 and 6 years A 14-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother. The patient has a note from his basketball coach explaining that a member of the team has been diagnosed with hepatitis A infection. The nurse notes that the patient has an extensive list of allergies. What is the nurse's priority action when administering the immune globulin? A) Perform a hepatitis A antibody check. B) Monitor the patient carefully and have emergency equipment ready if needed. C) Apply ice to the injection site to slow the absorption of the serum. D) Give the patient aspirin and a corticosteroid before the injection to modulate reaction. - B) Monitor the patient carefully and have emergency equipment ready if needed. A nurse is providing patient education to the mother of a child receiving a first immunization. The nurse tells the mother that after the injection, it is normal for the child to exhibit what signs and symptoms? A) Vomiting and diarrhea B) High fever and sweating C) Lethargy, drowsiness, and irritability D) Pain, redness, and swelling at site of injection - D) Pain, redness, and swelling at site of injection A 69-year-old patient comes to the clinic to talk to the nurse. The patient asks the nurse about when he should get the pneumonia vaccine. The patient's medical record reveals that he received the vaccine at age 55. What should the nurse tell the patient? A) This vaccine is only given once and you have already had it. B) This vaccine is given every 10 years and you will be due next year. C) This vaccine is only repeated if the first dose was given before age 65. You should have another vaccine. D) This vaccine is no longer recommended. Don't worry about getting pneumonia. - A) This vaccine is only given once and you have already had it. A mother has brought her infant to the clinic for the first immunization. What would the nurse be sure to include when providing patient education for the infant's mother? A) Avoid having her child get more than one vaccine at a time. B) Stop the immunizations after 2 years of age. C) Keep a written record of the child's immunizations. D) Omit immunizations if the injections are too upsetting for her child. - C) Keep a written record of the child's immunizations. A mother brings her 18-month-old son into the clinic for his diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine. The child has a runny nose, a fever of 102.4ºF and is coughing. What should the nurse do? A) Administer the vaccine but monitor the child afterward for an extended time period. B) Give an antipyretic and administer vaccine when temperature is within normal range. C) Administer a reduced dose of the vaccine today and a normal dose when child is healthy. D) Hold the immunization until the child is free of allergic or cold-like symptoms. - D) Hold the immunization until the child is free of allergic or cold-like symptoms When discussing vaccines in class, a student asks the nursing instructor what an antitoxin is. What is the instructor's best response? A) It is an immune serum for snake bites. B) It is a type of vaccine. C) It is a form of active immunity. D) It is a form of passive immunity. - D) It is a form of passive immunity. The nurse is presenting an educational event about vaccines at a local elementary school. When talking about vaccines, the nurse explains they are generally contraindicated in what situations? A) In people who have renal impairment B) In people who have hepatic failure C) In people who are immunosuppressed D) In people who are over 65 - C) In people who are immunosuppressed The clinic nurse is administering vaccines at well-baby checkups. Before administering a diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine, what vital sign is most important for the nurse to check? A) Temperature B) Pulse C) Blood pressure D) Respirations - A) Temperature The nurse is assigned to perform telephone triage for the clinic and receives a call from a young mother whose 6-month-old baby received her third diphtheria pertussis tetanus immunization that morning. The mother reports the baby's temperature is 99.8° axillary, the site of injection is a little red, and the baby is irritable. After checking the standing orders provided by the pediatrician, what teaching would the nurse provide this mother? (Select all that apply.) A) These are common adverse effects reported after immunizations. B) Bring the baby back to the clinic for an examination. C) Apply a warm moist compress to the baby's leg. D) Aspirin can be given to manage fever symptoms. E) Symptoms should subside within 2 to 3 days. - A) These are common adverse effects reported after immunizations. C) Apply a warm moist compress to the baby's leg. E) Symptoms should subside within 2 to 3 days. The nurse is describing the schedule for vaccinations to the parents of a new baby. The nurse explains the measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine is first administered at what age? A) 1 month B) 3 months C) 6 months D) 15 months - D) 15 months A male patient, aged 78 presents in the emergency department after stepping on a nail. The patient tells the nurse that he had his last tetanus shot 12 years ago and asks whether he will need another shot today. The nurse explains that tetanus boosters are required how often? A) Yearly B) Every 10 years C) Every 2 years D) Every 5 years - B) Every 10 years The nurse works in a geriatric clinic and promotes administration of influenza immunizations to patients over age 65 how frequently? A) Once at age 65 B) Yearly C) Every 5 years D) As a one-time dose - B) Yearly A group of nursing students are presenting information on the hepatitis B vaccine. What would the students prepare to tell others about the recommended population? A) Children under the age of 15 B) Infants and people at risk for contracting the disease C) People with diabetes mellitus or renal disease D) People over the age of 65 - B) Infants and people at risk for contracting the disease A patient, aged 72, is brought to the clinic by her daughter. The daughter asks how often her mother should receive the influenza vaccine. What would be the nurse's best response? A) Your mother only needs the influenza vaccine once in her lifetime. B) Your mother needs the influenza vaccine every 10 years. C) Your mother should receive the vaccine once, with two booster injections. D) Your mother needs the influenza vaccine yearly. - D) Your mother needs the influenza vaccine yearly. The nursing instructor is explaining the best way to assess whether active immunity has developed from the administration of the hepatitis B series. What would the instructor cite as the best assessment method? A) Serum antibody levels B) Liver not palpable C) Aspartate aminotransferase within normal limits D) Absence of symptoms of hepatitis B infection - A) Serum antibody levels A young mother asks the clinic nurse about the chickenpox vaccine. The mother states that she and her husband have both had chickenpox, but that she wants to protect her child if she can. What should the nurse tell the mother about the recommendation for the varicella vaccine? A) It is recommended for all children who have not been exposed to the varicella virus. B) It is not recommended for children under the age of 6. C) It is not recommended for children who have not been exposed to the varicella virus. D) It is recommended only for adults who have not had chickenpox. - A) It is recommended for all children who have not been exposed to the varicella virus. A patient has come to the clinic for an allergy shot. The patient asks the nurse what immunoglobulin (Ig) is located in the body's tissues and is thought to be responsible for allergic reactions. What is the nurse's best response? A) IgG is thought to be responsible for allergic reactions. B) IgA is thought to be responsible for allergic reactions. C) IgM is thought to be responsible for allergic reactions. D) IgE is thought to be responsible for allergic reactions. - D) IgE is thought to be responsible for allergic reactions. A patient is brought to the emergency department after being bitten by a rattlesnake. The nurse asks the patient to describe the snake that bit him. Why would the nurse ask this question? A) Antivenin is very specific for antigens to which they can respond. B) Antivenin can only respond to cells that have not been attacked by the venom. C) Antivenin only responds to a specific group of spiders or snakes. D) Antivenin is very non-specific about a class of snakes or spiders. - A) Antivenin is very specific for antigens to which they can respond. A student asks the instructor how vaccines provide active immunity. The instructor's best answer explains that active immunity is provided by stimulating production of antibodies to what? A) A bee sting B) A specific protein C) A foreign substance in the body D) A snake bite - B) A specific protein The nurse at the pediatric clinic gives the mother of an infant a written record of the infant's immune sera use. The nurse encourages the mother to keep the information. What is the rationale behind keeping a written record of immune sera use? A) To keep track of where the immune sera was given B) To identify who gave the immune sera C) To avoid future reactions D) To identify the lot number of the immune sera used - C) To avoid future reactions What occurs when the host human responds to the injected antibodies circulating through the body? A) The host forms antigen antibody complexes with the injected antibodies. B) The host produces a passive immunity to the antibodies. C) The circulating antibodies attack the host cells. D) The host produces its own antibodies to the injected antibodies. - D) The host produces its own antibodies to the injected antibodies. A 55-year-old patient presents at the emergency department complaining of chest tightness and difficulty breathing. The patient tells the nurse he had immune sera earlier that day at the clinic. What does the nurse suspect is happening with this patient? A) Delayed hypersensitivity reaction B) An allergic reaction to the immune sera C) Serum sickness D) The response of the body to the immune sera - B) An allergic reaction to the immune sera An immune compromised patient is exposed to hepatitis A virus. The physician orders an injection of immunoglobulin as prophylaxis. What adverse effects would the nurse advise the patient might occur? (Select all that apply.) A) Fever B) Rhinitis C) Angioedema D) Severe abdominal pain E) Urticaria - A) Fever C) Angioedema E) Urticaria The mother of a preschool aged child brings her child to the clinic and asks what immunizations the child needs before starting school. What immunizations will the nurse expect this child needs if the child is healthy and has received immunizations on schedule in the past? (Select all that apply.) A) Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (DTaP) B) Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) C) Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) D) Hepatitis B E) Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) - A) Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (DTaP) B) Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) C) Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) The nurse is preparing for a visit with a 4-month-old infant. What immunizations will the nurse prepare? (Select all that apply.) A) Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (DTaP) B) Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) C) Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) D) Varicella E) meningococcal - A) Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (DTaP) B) Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) C) Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) The nurse explains the purpose of vaccines is to promote what? (Select all that apply.) A) Active immunity B) Passive immunity C) Short-term immunity D) Lifetime immunity E) Activation of the immune system - A) Active immunity D) Lifetime immunity E) Activation of the immune system The mother of a 2-month-old child tells the nurse, I've been reading about how vaccines cause autism so I have decided not to give my child any of these vaccines. What is the nurse's best response? A) Extensive studies have found no link between the measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism. B) Extensive studies are being conducted and so far they have not found a link to autism. C) Research has found no link between the chickenpox vaccine and autism. D) Many parents agree that withholding vaccines is best and that is your choice to make. - A) Extensive studies have found no link between the measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism.