CHAPTER 1: Introduction
M ULTI P L E CH O I C E
1. An in st itu tio n ca n b e d e fi ned a s a n y:
a o rga ni za tio n o r ac ti v it y th at i s sel f - p erp e t ua ti n g an d val u ed fo r it s o wn sa ke .
.
b larg e, mo no li t hi c o rg a ni zat io n t h at d ep e nd s o n a co re b ure a ucr ac y a nd a se t o f
. st a nd ard o p erat i n g p ro c ed ur e s.
c o b j ect o r va l ue t ha t p eo p le s up p o rt t hro u g h p ub l ic fu nd s.
.
d o rga ni za tio n o r ac tio n t ha t i s s ub j ec t to go ver n me n t r e g ula tio n .
.
e sp o nt a neo u s mo ve me nt t ha t i s u n ab l e to s u st ai n i ts el f.
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : De fi n e t h e ro l e a nd i mp o rta nc e o f i n s ti t ut io ns i n p o li tic al li fe.
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
2. Po li ti cs i s d e fi ned i n t h e te x t a s t he :
a ab il it y to i mp o se yo ur v al ue s o n o t her s.
.
b str u g g le i n a n y g ro up fo r t he p o wer to ma k e d e c is io n s fo r t he larg er gro up .
.
c b att le o v er e co no mi c re s o urc e s a nd t hei r u se.
.
d res u lt o f co n fl ic t b e t we e n c u lt u re s.
.
e rela tio n s hip b et we e n i n t ern at io na l ac to r s.
.
AN S: B DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
3. W ha t i s d ed uc ti ve rea so ni n g?
a th e me a n s b y wh i c h we go fro m a h yp o t he si s to st ud yi n g e v id e nc e
.
, b th e me a n s b y wh i c h we go fro m s t ud yi n g a si n g l e ca se to ge n era ti n g a h yp o -
. th e si s
c th e me a n s b y wh i c h we t es t e v id e nc e us i n g lo gic an d ma t he ma ti c s
.
d th e me a n s b y wh i c h we t es t e v id e nc e us i n g e x te n si v e fi eld r es ear c h
.
e th e me a n s b y wh i c h we u se id eo lo gic al as s u mp ti o n s to cre ate p o l ic y
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
4. W ha t i s i nd uc ti v e rea so ni n g?
a th e me a n s b y wh i c h we go fro m a h yp o t he si s to st ud yi n g a n u mb er o f ca se s
.
b th e me a n s b y wh i c h we go fro m s t ud yi n g a c a se to ge ner at i n g a h yp o t he s is
.
c th e me a n s b y wh i c h we t es t e v id e nc e us i n g lo gic an d ma t he ma ti c s
.
d th e me a n s b y wh i c h we t es t e v id e nc e us i n g e x te n si v e fi eld r es ear c h
.
e th e me a n s b y wh i c h we u se id eo lo gic al as s u mp ti o n s to cre ate p o l ic y
.
AN S: B DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
5. In ca se st ud y re sea rc h, o ne p ro b le m t h at ca n e m erge i s t h e c ho o si n g o f o nl y ca se s t ha t ma tc h t h e e xp ec ted
res u lt s o f t he r e sear c h q ue s tio n, o r wh a t is k no wn a s :
a se lec tio n b ia s. d no r m b o u nd i n g.
. .
b in fere n ce liab il it y. e area st ud ie s.
. .
c cho ice l i mi ti n g.
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Di sc u s s wh e t he r co mp ar ati v e p o l it ic s c a n b e mo re s cie n ti fic a nd p red ic t p o lit ic al o u tco me s .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
,6. W hi c h o f t he fo l lo wi n g co u ld b e co n sid e red a m aj o r cha ll e n ge fac ed b y p o lit ic al sci e nt is t s i n t h eir us e o f t he
co mp ara ti v e me t ho d ?
a th e d i ffi c ul t y i n co n tro l l in g var iab l es
.
b th e l arg e n u mb er o f co m p arab l e ca se s a nd d i ffi c ul ti e s i n c ho o s i n g b e t we en
. th e m
c u ni v er si t y re st ric tio n s o n c arr yi n g o ut fie ld re se arc h
.
d a g e ner al r el uc ta n ce to l o o k at h is to ri ca l fa cto r s
.
e th e t e nd e nc y o f re se arc h ers to fo c u s o n to o b ro a d a geo grap h ic area
.
AN S: A DIF : Mo d era te RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Di sc u s s wh e t he r co mp ar ati v e p o l it ic s c a n b e mo re s cie n ti fic a nd p red ic t p o lit ic al o u tco me s .
MS C : U nd er st a nd i n g
7. W hi c h o f t he fo llo wi n g wo u ld b e a n e xa mp l e o f se lec tio n b ia s?
a st ud yi n g fe mal e l it erac y to see i f it i s co rr ela ted wi t h no nd e mo cra tic re g i me s
.
b o nl y s t ud yi n g ma teri al t ha t i s co n si st e nt wi t h yo ur p o li ti cal id eo lo g y
.
c o nl y us i n g st at is ti ca l me tho d s to co nd u ct re sear c h
.
d st ud yi n g c a us es fo r t h e e merg e nce o f d e mo crac y b y lo o ki n g o nl y at c a se st u -
. d ie s wh e re d e mo cra c y e me rged
e st ud yi n g re vo l ut io n b y l o o k i n g at ca se s t ud i es o f r e vo l u tio n a nd no nre v o lu tio n
.
AN S: D DIF : Mo d era te RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Di sc u s s wh e t he r co mp ar ati v e p o l it ic s c a n b e mo re s cie n ti fic a nd p red ic t p o lit ic al o u tco me s .
MS C : U nd er st a nd i n g
8. En d o g en ei ty r e fer s to :
a th e p ro b le m o f d i st i n g ui s hi n g ca u se fro m e ffec t.
.
b in te ll ect u al o b s tac le s to ne w sc ho lar s hip i n so c ia l s ci e nce s.
.
c th e u se o f to o l s s u c h a s p s yc ho lo g y to u nd er sta n d co mp ara ti v e p o l it ic s.
.
d th e b e li e f t h at mo s t maj o r p o li ti cal q ue st io ns ar e clo se to b ei n g u nd ers t o o d b y
, . sc ho lar s.
e th e u se o f ne w i n fo r ma t i o n fro m b io lo g y to s t ud y h u ma n p o l it ica l b e h a v io r.
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
9. W hi c h o f t he fo llo wi n g st ate me nt s ab o ut t he c ur ren t i ns ti t ut io na l ap p ro a ch to co mp ara ti v e p o l it i cs i s
acc ura te?
a It me rge s t he co r e c h ara cter is ti c s o f mo d e r niz at i o n t heo r y a nd b e ha v io ra li s m.
.
b It rej ec t s t h e va l ue o f i n d iv id ua l p o l it ic al b e ha vi o r i n s hap i n g p o l it ic s.
.
c It ha s ad o p ted t he b as ic te ne ts o f mo d er n iz at io n th eo r y a nd s up p o r ted t h e m
. e mp ir ica ll y.
d It s hare s a n e mp ha s i s o n t he i mp o rt a nce o f i n s ti t ut io n s wi t h p re -1 9 5 0 s c o mp a -
. rati v e p o l it ic s r es earc h .
e It d i ffer s fro m b e ha v io r ali s m i n it s rej e ctio n o f ca us e -a nd - e ffect rel at io n s hip s.
.
AN S: D DIF : Mo d era te RE F: A G uid i n g Co ncep t: P o li tic al I n s ti t ut io ns
OB J : De fi n e t h e ro l e a nd i mp o rta nc e o f i n s ti t ut io ns i n p o li tic al li fe.
MS C : U nd er st a nd i n g
10. A tr ue co mp ara ti v e ap p r o ac h to p o li ti c s o nl y e m erge s wi t h t h e wo r k o f:
a Mac h ia ve ll i. d Mo n te sq u ie u.
. .
b Ho b b e s. e Mar x.
. .
c Ro u ss ea u.
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
11 . A maj o r cri ti ci s m o f co mp a rat i ve p o li ti cs at t he t ur n o f t he t we n ti et h ce nt u r y wa s t ha t i t:
a fo c u s ed to o s tro n gl y o n reli g io u s e xp la na tio n s.
.
b wa s d e scr ip t i ve r at he r t ha n e xp l a nato r y.
M ULTI P L E CH O I C E
1. An in st itu tio n ca n b e d e fi ned a s a n y:
a o rga ni za tio n o r ac ti v it y th at i s sel f - p erp e t ua ti n g an d val u ed fo r it s o wn sa ke .
.
b larg e, mo no li t hi c o rg a ni zat io n t h at d ep e nd s o n a co re b ure a ucr ac y a nd a se t o f
. st a nd ard o p erat i n g p ro c ed ur e s.
c o b j ect o r va l ue t ha t p eo p le s up p o rt t hro u g h p ub l ic fu nd s.
.
d o rga ni za tio n o r ac tio n t ha t i s s ub j ec t to go ver n me n t r e g ula tio n .
.
e sp o nt a neo u s mo ve me nt t ha t i s u n ab l e to s u st ai n i ts el f.
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : De fi n e t h e ro l e a nd i mp o rta nc e o f i n s ti t ut io ns i n p o li tic al li fe.
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
2. Po li ti cs i s d e fi ned i n t h e te x t a s t he :
a ab il it y to i mp o se yo ur v al ue s o n o t her s.
.
b str u g g le i n a n y g ro up fo r t he p o wer to ma k e d e c is io n s fo r t he larg er gro up .
.
c b att le o v er e co no mi c re s o urc e s a nd t hei r u se.
.
d res u lt o f co n fl ic t b e t we e n c u lt u re s.
.
e rela tio n s hip b et we e n i n t ern at io na l ac to r s.
.
AN S: B DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
3. W ha t i s d ed uc ti ve rea so ni n g?
a th e me a n s b y wh i c h we go fro m a h yp o t he si s to st ud yi n g e v id e nc e
.
, b th e me a n s b y wh i c h we go fro m s t ud yi n g a si n g l e ca se to ge n era ti n g a h yp o -
. th e si s
c th e me a n s b y wh i c h we t es t e v id e nc e us i n g lo gic an d ma t he ma ti c s
.
d th e me a n s b y wh i c h we t es t e v id e nc e us i n g e x te n si v e fi eld r es ear c h
.
e th e me a n s b y wh i c h we u se id eo lo gic al as s u mp ti o n s to cre ate p o l ic y
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
4. W ha t i s i nd uc ti v e rea so ni n g?
a th e me a n s b y wh i c h we go fro m a h yp o t he si s to st ud yi n g a n u mb er o f ca se s
.
b th e me a n s b y wh i c h we go fro m s t ud yi n g a c a se to ge ner at i n g a h yp o t he s is
.
c th e me a n s b y wh i c h we t es t e v id e nc e us i n g lo gic an d ma t he ma ti c s
.
d th e me a n s b y wh i c h we t es t e v id e nc e us i n g e x te n si v e fi eld r es ear c h
.
e th e me a n s b y wh i c h we u se id eo lo gic al as s u mp ti o n s to cre ate p o l ic y
.
AN S: B DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
5. In ca se st ud y re sea rc h, o ne p ro b le m t h at ca n e m erge i s t h e c ho o si n g o f o nl y ca se s t ha t ma tc h t h e e xp ec ted
res u lt s o f t he r e sear c h q ue s tio n, o r wh a t is k no wn a s :
a se lec tio n b ia s. d no r m b o u nd i n g.
. .
b in fere n ce liab il it y. e area st ud ie s.
. .
c cho ice l i mi ti n g.
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Di sc u s s wh e t he r co mp ar ati v e p o l it ic s c a n b e mo re s cie n ti fic a nd p red ic t p o lit ic al o u tco me s .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
,6. W hi c h o f t he fo l lo wi n g co u ld b e co n sid e red a m aj o r cha ll e n ge fac ed b y p o lit ic al sci e nt is t s i n t h eir us e o f t he
co mp ara ti v e me t ho d ?
a th e d i ffi c ul t y i n co n tro l l in g var iab l es
.
b th e l arg e n u mb er o f co m p arab l e ca se s a nd d i ffi c ul ti e s i n c ho o s i n g b e t we en
. th e m
c u ni v er si t y re st ric tio n s o n c arr yi n g o ut fie ld re se arc h
.
d a g e ner al r el uc ta n ce to l o o k at h is to ri ca l fa cto r s
.
e th e t e nd e nc y o f re se arc h ers to fo c u s o n to o b ro a d a geo grap h ic area
.
AN S: A DIF : Mo d era te RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Di sc u s s wh e t he r co mp ar ati v e p o l it ic s c a n b e mo re s cie n ti fic a nd p red ic t p o lit ic al o u tco me s .
MS C : U nd er st a nd i n g
7. W hi c h o f t he fo llo wi n g wo u ld b e a n e xa mp l e o f se lec tio n b ia s?
a st ud yi n g fe mal e l it erac y to see i f it i s co rr ela ted wi t h no nd e mo cra tic re g i me s
.
b o nl y s t ud yi n g ma teri al t ha t i s co n si st e nt wi t h yo ur p o li ti cal id eo lo g y
.
c o nl y us i n g st at is ti ca l me tho d s to co nd u ct re sear c h
.
d st ud yi n g c a us es fo r t h e e merg e nce o f d e mo crac y b y lo o ki n g o nl y at c a se st u -
. d ie s wh e re d e mo cra c y e me rged
e st ud yi n g re vo l ut io n b y l o o k i n g at ca se s t ud i es o f r e vo l u tio n a nd no nre v o lu tio n
.
AN S: D DIF : Mo d era te RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Di sc u s s wh e t he r co mp ar ati v e p o l it ic s c a n b e mo re s cie n ti fic a nd p red ic t p o lit ic al o u tco me s .
MS C : U nd er st a nd i n g
8. En d o g en ei ty r e fer s to :
a th e p ro b le m o f d i st i n g ui s hi n g ca u se fro m e ffec t.
.
b in te ll ect u al o b s tac le s to ne w sc ho lar s hip i n so c ia l s ci e nce s.
.
c th e u se o f to o l s s u c h a s p s yc ho lo g y to u nd er sta n d co mp ara ti v e p o l it ic s.
.
d th e b e li e f t h at mo s t maj o r p o li ti cal q ue st io ns ar e clo se to b ei n g u nd ers t o o d b y
, . sc ho lar s.
e th e u se o f ne w i n fo r ma t i o n fro m b io lo g y to s t ud y h u ma n p o l it ica l b e h a v io r.
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
9. W hi c h o f t he fo llo wi n g st ate me nt s ab o ut t he c ur ren t i ns ti t ut io na l ap p ro a ch to co mp ara ti v e p o l it i cs i s
acc ura te?
a It me rge s t he co r e c h ara cter is ti c s o f mo d e r niz at i o n t heo r y a nd b e ha v io ra li s m.
.
b It rej ec t s t h e va l ue o f i n d iv id ua l p o l it ic al b e ha vi o r i n s hap i n g p o l it ic s.
.
c It ha s ad o p ted t he b as ic te ne ts o f mo d er n iz at io n th eo r y a nd s up p o r ted t h e m
. e mp ir ica ll y.
d It s hare s a n e mp ha s i s o n t he i mp o rt a nce o f i n s ti t ut io n s wi t h p re -1 9 5 0 s c o mp a -
. rati v e p o l it ic s r es earc h .
e It d i ffer s fro m b e ha v io r ali s m i n it s rej e ctio n o f ca us e -a nd - e ffect rel at io n s hip s.
.
AN S: D DIF : Mo d era te RE F: A G uid i n g Co ncep t: P o li tic al I n s ti t ut io ns
OB J : De fi n e t h e ro l e a nd i mp o rta nc e o f i n s ti t ut io ns i n p o li tic al li fe.
MS C : U nd er st a nd i n g
10. A tr ue co mp ara ti v e ap p r o ac h to p o li ti c s o nl y e m erge s wi t h t h e wo r k o f:
a Mac h ia ve ll i. d Mo n te sq u ie u.
. .
b Ho b b e s. e Mar x.
. .
c Ro u ss ea u.
.
AN S: A DIF : Eas y RE F: W ha t I s Co mp a rat i ve P o lit ic s?
OB J : Exp la i n t h e me t ho d s p o l iti ca l sci e nt is t s u se to u nd er s ta nd p o li tic s aro u n d t he wo rld .
MS C : Re me mb er i n g
11 . A maj o r cri ti ci s m o f co mp a rat i ve p o li ti cs at t he t ur n o f t he t we n ti et h ce nt u r y wa s t ha t i t:
a fo c u s ed to o s tro n gl y o n reli g io u s e xp la na tio n s.
.
b wa s d e scr ip t i ve r at he r t ha n e xp l a nato r y.
