Endocrine System Tested and Verified Q&A for Top Academic Honors

-thyroid diverticulum arises from primitive pharynx floor -adescends into neck -connected to tongue via thyroglossal duct - Answer Thyroid embryology Names for t4 t3 - Answer 4-thyroxine 3-triodythorine PTU, glucocorticoids, b blockers, ipodate (contrast agent) - Answer What inhibits 5-deiodinase PTU, methimazole - Answer What inhibits thyroid peroxidase Neuroblastoma, neuroendrocrine tumors - Answer APUD positive in Anti microsomal - Answer Anti-tpo ab are Toxic multinodular, thyroid adenoma cancer cyst D: graves hashimoto idodine-defi, tsh-sec pit adenoma - Answer Nodular vs diffuse goiter is in Dec, inc gluconeo - Answer Exercise effect on insulin Liver---hepatic vein - Answer Most hormones are produced in thyroglossal duct remnant - Answer foramen cecum (embryology) lingual thyroid - Answer most common site of ectopic thyroid tissue anterior midline neck mass moves with: -swallowing -tongue protrusion - Answer thyroglossal duct cyst clinical presentation 314 - Answer Insulin synthesis process Over 180 on 1h OGT, over 95 fasting - Answer Gestational DM diagnosis thyroglossal duct cyst - Answer identify the pathology 2 | P a g e mesoderm - Answer what embryonic tissue (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) is the adrenal cortex derived from? neural crest - Answer what embryonic tissue (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) is the adrenal medulla derived from? angiotensin II - Answer what hormone regulates hormone production from the zona glomerulosa? (adrenal gland) cofactor for adenylate cyclase--camp - Answer Why hypoMg dec path? Inf thyroid Sup laryngeal - Answer Which artery ligation endangers recurrent laryngeal n, which superior ? preganglionic SNS neurons- Ach - Answer what hormone regulates hormone production from the adrenal medulla? (adrenal gland) Acth, msh, B endorphin, a & b lipoprotein - Answer Derivates of POMC AR - Answer Mode of inheritance of CAH Inc in urine - Answer Effect pf pth on camp adenohypophysis - Answer anterior pituitary gland alternate name neurohypophysis - Answer posterior pituitary gland alternate name B-FLAT FSH LH ACTH TSH - Answer which hormones do anterior pituitary basophils secrete? 314 - Answer Insulin dep glu uptake- specifics GH prolactin - Answer which hormones do anterior pituitary acidophils secrete? DHEA, androgens - Answer what is the primary hormone and hormone class secreted by the zona reticularis? (adrenal gland) subunit common to: 3 | P a g e -TSH -LH -FSH -hCG - Answer alpha subunit of anterior pituitary hormones determines hormone specificity - Answer beta subunit of anterior pituitary hormones oral ectoderm-> rathke's pouch-> anterior pituitary - Answer embryonic tissue origin (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) of anterior pituitary ADH oxytocin - Answer Posterior pituitary hormones released contains axon terminals from hypothalamic nuclei cells: -supraoptic nucleus -paraventricular necleus - Answer Posterior pituitary characteristics neuroectoderm - Answer what embryonic tissue (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) is the Posterior pituitary derived from? alpha beta delta - Answer which cells are found in islets of langerhans? (endocrine pancreas) glucagon - Answer what hormone do alpha cells secrete? (endocrine pancreas) insulin - Answer what hormone do beta cells secrete? (endocrine pancreas) somatostatin - Answer what hormone do delta cells secrete? (endocrine pancreas) peripheral - Answer relative location of alpha cells within an islet of langerhans (endocrine pancreas) central - Answer relative location of beta cells within an islet of langerhans (endocrine pancreas) interspersed - Answer relative location of delta cells within an islet of langerhans (endocrine pancreas) preproinsulin in RER cleaved to proinsulin proinsulin cleaved to -insulin 4 | P a g e -C peptide - Answer Insulin synthesis mechanism When insulin is endogenously produced: -insulin and C-peptide are secreted in equal quantities When insulin is exogenously administered: -no accompanying C-peptide - Answer Important relationship between C peotide and insulin insulinoma sulfonylurea - Answer what pathologies can cause increased insulin + C-peptide? (endocrine pancreas) binds tyrosine kinase receptor-> induce insulin-dependent tissue to: -uptake glucose -gene transcription (GLUT-4) - Answer Insulin receptor binding MOA increases into skeletal muscle, adipose - Answer Insulin physiologic effects on glucose transport Liver -increase Skeletal muscle -increase - Answer Insulin physiologic effects on glycogen synthesis/storage Adipose cells -increase -insulin stimulates lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-> fatty acid uptake by adipocytes - Answer Insulin physiologic effects on triglyceride storage increase Na+ retention - Answer Insulin physiologic effects on kidney Skeletal muscle -increase - Answer Insulin physiologic effects on protein synthesis Skeletal muscle cells -increase amino acid uptake -increase activity of Na/K-ATPase • K+ uptake -> extracellular K+ - Answer Insulin physiologic effects on electrolytes 5 | P a g e decrease - Answer Insulin physiologic effects on glucagon decrease - Answer Insulin physiologic effects on adipose tissue lipolysis no - Answer does insulin cross the placenta? Yes - Answer Does glucose cross the placenta? GLUT4 - Answer which GLUT transporter is insulin dependent? RBCs brain cornea placenta - Answer GLUT1 transporter typical locations beta cells liver kidney small intestine - Answer GLUT2 transporter typical locations brain placenta - Answer GLUT3 transporter typical locations adipocytes striated muscle - Answer GLUT4 transporter typical locations spermatocytes GI tract - Answer GLUT5 transporter typical locations fructose - Answer What does GLUT5 transport? brain RBCs intestine cornea lens kidney liver - Answer which cells show insulin independent glucose uptake? Ketone bodies ...............