NDSU Chem 121 Exam 1 Guide With Complete Solution

NDSU Ch em 121 Exam 1 Guide With Co mplete Solutio n Giga - ANSWER G, 10^12 mega - ANSWER M, 10^6 kilo - ANSWER k, 10^3 deci - ANSWER d, 10^-1 centi - ANSWER c, 10^-2 milli - ANSWER m, 10^-3 micro - ANSWER μ, 10^-6 nano - ANSWER n, 10^-9 pico - ANSWER p, 10^- 12 femto - ANSWER f, 10^- 15 Fahrenheit to Celsius - ANSWER (9/5) x C + 32 Celcius to Fahrenheit - ANSWER (F-32)(5/9) Celsius to Kelvin - ANSWER C + 273.15 Kelvin to Celsius - ANSWER K - 273.15 Dalton's Atomic Theory - ANSWER 1. Elements are composed of atoms. 2. All atoms of an element are identical and are different from atoms of all other elements. 3. Compounds are composed of atoms from multiple elements combined in a whole number ration. (Law of definite proportion) 4. A chemical reaction doesn't result in creation/destruction of atoms. (law of conservation of mass) Law of Definite Proportions - ANSWER Different samples of the same compound always contain the elements in the same proportion by mass (Proust) Law of Conservation of Mass - ANSWER Matter can be neither created nor destroyed (Lavoisier) Chemistry - ANSWER Study of matter and how the properties of matter are related to composition Matter - ANSWER Anything that has mass and occupies space Mass - ANSWER measure of amount of matter (independent of gravitational force) Weight - ANSWER force of attraction by the earth W= m x g (mass times gravity) Fundamental Forces of Nature - ANSWER 1. Gravitational - weakest but longest range 2. Electromagnetic 3. Strong & Weak forces of the nucleus - strongest but shortest range 2 Types of Experiments - ANSWER 1. Support hypothesis 2. Disprove ideas/explanation (preferred) Law - ANSWER verbal statement or mathematical equation that summarizes observations and experiments Hypothesis - ANSWER a tentative, initial, explanation of the observations Theory - ANSWER a hypothesis that repeatedly withstands the test of experiments and has overwhelming supportive evidence Physical properties of matter - ANSWER Measured without changing the identity/composition of the substance. Ex. melting/boiling points, color, density, mass