INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
TEST FOR CATIONS
GROUP2 REACTIONS GROUP2 OXIDES REACTIONS
1) Dip nichrome wire
↓ increased
reactivity
BASES : BASES :
+
ALKALINE SOLUTION [more strong
2) Dip in sample
- WATER-> METAL HYDROXIDES WATER >
group]
-
down
e .
g
.
Mg + 2H20 >
-
Mg(On) 2 + He e .
g Mg0 + H20 >
-
Mg(OU) 2
↳ METAL HUDOXIDES
Mg reacts slowly with cold water
3) place loop in BLUE
vigorously with steam >
-
MgO (not MgIOH): ↳ dissociates to form OH-ions
Be0 doesn't react-hydroxide is insoluble
MgO reacts very slowly -
hydroxide barely dissolves
- OXYGEN-METAL OXIDES
e .
g
.
[Mg + 02 -
2MgO ↳ white solids energy of a specific waveleng
+
ACID
- > SALT + WATER released when e-drop down to l
↳ same for hydroxides levels having jumped hig
e
gMgO + H2SO4 >
MgSOy 120 energy
.
-
+ ,
+ CHLORINE-METAL CHLORIDES neutralise
having absorbed energy from the
e .
.
g Mg + (l2 >
-
Mg(12
GROUP2 PROPERITIES
SOLUBILITY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
HYDROXIDES SULPHATES CARBONATES NITRATES
. 2-
Mg sparingly soluble very soluble
Mg
↓ ↓
>
-
METAL OXIDE +
CO2 > METAL
- OXIDE +
NOz
Ca Ca
↓ ↑ decreased distortion of e-cloud /NO S Cos
2
e-density >
-
lower
St St
- -
increased themal less distortion = more stable carbonate
Ba very soluble sparingly soluble Ba stability
↳ G1 more stable than G2
GROUP 1 PROPERITIES
THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
7 time taken
to be
browngasNOz
CO2
a
for a
set
o
amou - -
time taken
I
gas
Bunsen flame >
- for a set amount of NO2 to be
carbonates are thermally stable under a
CO2) TESTING FOR Syringe
form Liz0 produced
I
+
lexcept for LiCOs with will
CARBONATES COz2
> gs
-
gro:Liz i ↓ TEST FOR
t
time taken to turn
NITRATES NO3
A
cloudy
limewater fume cupboard !
S
NITRATES decompose >
-
METAL NITRITES +
02 faster means more amount needed to
INO2-not NOj) CO2 relight
a
glowing
s
form Liz0
/except for LiNOs with will
, NOz and 02)
group 1 : 2LiNOs -LiOz + EO +
NOz
group 2 2 NaNOs
:
>
-
2NaOz + O2
HALOGENS HALOSENS
↑
I
↑
OXIDISING AGENT
I
FLUORINEIG)
I
BOILING POINT ELECTRONEGATIVITY + Cl2 water
pale yellow
CHLORINE (g) ↑ size ↑ mass ↑ london forces smaller radius ↑ electrostatic attraction
↓ distance
smalle from ↓ shielding + Buz water
pale green -
nucleus
shown by :
e-
gain
BROMINE(1)
easier to on
brown-orange ↑ +I solution
IODINE Is)
grey
purple(ag)/(9)
DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
organ organic Solventleg
a
e
↳ ihlorine
↳bromine
↳ iocline
change
+ GROUP 1 /OR2) >
-
METAL HALIDE
↓ COLD ALUALIlegNaOH -
> NaX + NaXO + WATER
breach paper
and fabrics water treatment - WATE
3 DISPROPORTONATT
I -
# HOT ALUALIlegNaOH -
> NaX + NaXO, + WATER ↳ chlorine + sodium
>Sodiuetely [BLEACH] - cleaning agents H20
8
-
hydroxide (1)
C2 +
2NaOH >
-
NaCIO + NaCl + H20
REDUCING POWER OF HALIDE IONS
F-
Cl-radiust distance ↑ shieldingT TEST ONE : REACTION WITH SULFURIC ACID
TEST FOR CATIONS
GROUP2 REACTIONS GROUP2 OXIDES REACTIONS
1) Dip nichrome wire
↓ increased
reactivity
BASES : BASES :
+
ALKALINE SOLUTION [more strong
2) Dip in sample
- WATER-> METAL HYDROXIDES WATER >
group]
-
down
e .
g
.
Mg + 2H20 >
-
Mg(On) 2 + He e .
g Mg0 + H20 >
-
Mg(OU) 2
↳ METAL HUDOXIDES
Mg reacts slowly with cold water
3) place loop in BLUE
vigorously with steam >
-
MgO (not MgIOH): ↳ dissociates to form OH-ions
Be0 doesn't react-hydroxide is insoluble
MgO reacts very slowly -
hydroxide barely dissolves
- OXYGEN-METAL OXIDES
e .
g
.
[Mg + 02 -
2MgO ↳ white solids energy of a specific waveleng
+
ACID
- > SALT + WATER released when e-drop down to l
↳ same for hydroxides levels having jumped hig
e
gMgO + H2SO4 >
MgSOy 120 energy
.
-
+ ,
+ CHLORINE-METAL CHLORIDES neutralise
having absorbed energy from the
e .
.
g Mg + (l2 >
-
Mg(12
GROUP2 PROPERITIES
SOLUBILITY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
HYDROXIDES SULPHATES CARBONATES NITRATES
. 2-
Mg sparingly soluble very soluble
Mg
↓ ↓
>
-
METAL OXIDE +
CO2 > METAL
- OXIDE +
NOz
Ca Ca
↓ ↑ decreased distortion of e-cloud /NO S Cos
2
e-density >
-
lower
St St
- -
increased themal less distortion = more stable carbonate
Ba very soluble sparingly soluble Ba stability
↳ G1 more stable than G2
GROUP 1 PROPERITIES
THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
7 time taken
to be
browngasNOz
CO2
a
for a
set
o
amou - -
time taken
I
gas
Bunsen flame >
- for a set amount of NO2 to be
carbonates are thermally stable under a
CO2) TESTING FOR Syringe
form Liz0 produced
I
+
lexcept for LiCOs with will
CARBONATES COz2
> gs
-
gro:Liz i ↓ TEST FOR
t
time taken to turn
NITRATES NO3
A
cloudy
limewater fume cupboard !
S
NITRATES decompose >
-
METAL NITRITES +
02 faster means more amount needed to
INO2-not NOj) CO2 relight
a
glowing
s
form Liz0
/except for LiNOs with will
, NOz and 02)
group 1 : 2LiNOs -LiOz + EO +
NOz
group 2 2 NaNOs
:
>
-
2NaOz + O2
HALOGENS HALOSENS
↑
I
↑
OXIDISING AGENT
I
FLUORINEIG)
I
BOILING POINT ELECTRONEGATIVITY + Cl2 water
pale yellow
CHLORINE (g) ↑ size ↑ mass ↑ london forces smaller radius ↑ electrostatic attraction
↓ distance
smalle from ↓ shielding + Buz water
pale green -
nucleus
shown by :
e-
gain
BROMINE(1)
easier to on
brown-orange ↑ +I solution
IODINE Is)
grey
purple(ag)/(9)
DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
organ organic Solventleg
a
e
↳ ihlorine
↳bromine
↳ iocline
change
+ GROUP 1 /OR2) >
-
METAL HALIDE
↓ COLD ALUALIlegNaOH -
> NaX + NaXO + WATER
breach paper
and fabrics water treatment - WATE
3 DISPROPORTONATT
I -
# HOT ALUALIlegNaOH -
> NaX + NaXO, + WATER ↳ chlorine + sodium
>Sodiuetely [BLEACH] - cleaning agents H20
8
-
hydroxide (1)
C2 +
2NaOH >
-
NaCIO + NaCl + H20
REDUCING POWER OF HALIDE IONS
F-
Cl-radiust distance ↑ shieldingT TEST ONE : REACTION WITH SULFURIC ACID
