NR 565 / NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS WEEK 1 QUIZ EXAM WITH NGN QUESTIONS AND OMPLETE WELL EXPLAINED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BY EXPERTS AND GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE 2024[ALREADY PASSED]

NR 565 / NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS WEEK 1 QUIZ EXAM WITH NGN QUESTIONS AND OMPLETE WELL EXPLAINED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BY EXPERTS AND GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE 2024[ALREADY PASSED] Pharmacokinetics The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body "What the body does to the drug" Factors that affect drug absorption (5) Rate of dissolution Surface area Blood flow Lipid solubility PH partitioning Factors that affect drug distribution (4) Blood flow to tissues Ability to exit vascular system Blood-brain barrier Protein-binding capacity Pharmacodynamics The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced "What the body does to the drug" Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action Receptor Enzyme Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo) Types of drug therapy (7) Acute Maintenance (HTN/bc) Supplemental (insulin) Palliative Supportive (IV fluid) Prophylactic Empirical (broad-spectrum abx) Idiosyncratic Effect Unexpected response to medication Tolerance Declining response to a drug Dependence Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for normal function Addiction Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous effects Drug interactions: drug-drug When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing enzymes Drug interactions: food-drug Grapefruit juice or leafy greens Drug interactions: additive 1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect Absorption The movement into the bloodstream for distribution Bioavailability The extent to which a medication can be absorbed Absorption: enteral GI tract > bloodstream > liver = 1st pass effect Causes of decreased enteral absorption Bariatric surgery (decreased surface area) Vigorous activity (blood shunted away from GI tract) Age (decreased motility) Parenteral medications No 1st pass effect; 100% available as they enter the bloodstream Topical medication administration sites Skin, eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina Purpose of topical medication application Intended for action at the site of application Transdermal medications: intention Internal effect Transdermal medications: absorption Carried through skin to bloodstream; no 1st pass effect Transdermal medications: sites Rotate sites to prevent irritation Trunk or upper extremities with g