Health Assessment: Cardiovascular System (Bates Quiz), Bates Cardiovascular Already Verified

Health Assessment: Cardiovascular System (Bates Quiz), Bates Cardiovascular Already Verified 1. Where should you palpate to find the point of maximal impulse? Answer: Fifth intercostal space at midclavicular line (below L nipple) 2. What are the blood pressure levels for normal, prehypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension? Answer: Normal <120/80, prehypertension 120-139/80-89, stage 1 hypertension 140-159/90-99, and stage 2 hypertension systolic >160 and diastolic >100 3. What do oscillations in the internal jugular veins reflect? Answer: Changing pressures in the right atrium 4. What are the characteristic features of a mitral valve prolapse murmur? Answer: Late systolic murmur with a click, louder with Valsalva and handgrip, softer with squatting 5. What is the definition of afterload? Answer: The degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction 6. What factors can affect blood pressure levels? Answer: Time of day, physical activity, emotional state, pain, noise, temperature, coffee/tobacco/drugs 7. What does the P wave on an ECG indicate? Answer: Atrial depolarization 8. How do you use a stethoscope to hear S1 and S2 sounds? Answer: Use the diaphragm (high sounds) or press firmly on the bell of the stethoscope against the chest. Here are the rewritten questions in a different order and structure: What is the correct location for palpating the point of maximal impulse? + Answer: Fifth intercostal space at midclavicular line (below L nipple) What are the different levels of blood pressure defined by? + Answer: Normal <120/80, prehypertension 120-139/80-89, stage 1 hypertension 140-159/90 99, and stage 2 hypertension systolic >160 and diastolic >100 What does an oscillation in the internal jugular vein reflect? + Answer: Changing pressures in the right atrium What are the key features of a mitral valve prolapse murmur? + Answer: Late systolic murmur with a click, louder with Valsalva and handgrip, softer with squatting Cardiac Cycle 1. aortic pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, so blood moves to the ventricles 2. mitral valves close, producing S1 3. the atrium is empty and pressure in the ventricles increases 4. S3 and S4 can be heard if pathological ventricular compliance (too stiff, overfilled) 5. ventricular pressure increases and force the aortic valve to open 6. aortic valve closes, producing S2 S3 gallop indicates a pathological change in ventricular compliance AKA "Kentucky gallop" In young people and athletes it is a normal phenomenon. In older individuals it indicates the presence of congestive heart failure. The third heart sound is caused by a sudden deceleration of blood flow into the left ventricle from the left atrium. Peak Pressure of Left Ventricle <5 -> 120 mm Hg Peak Pressure of Right Ventricle <5 -> 30 mm Hg 1. You are performing a thorough cardiac examination. Which of the following chambers of the heart can you assess by palpation? A) Left atrium B) Right atrium C) Right ventricle D) Sinus node C) Right ventricle 2. What is responsible for the inspiratory splitting of S2? A) Closure of aortic, then pulmonic valves B) Closure of mitral, then tricuspid valves C) Closure of aortic, then tricuspid valves D) Closure of mitral, then pulmonic valves A) Closure of aortic, then pulmonic valves 3. A 25-year-old optical technician comes to your clinic for evaluation of fatigue. As part of your physical examination, you listen to her heart and hear a murmur only at the cardiac apex. Which valve is most likely to be involved, based on the location of the murmur? A) Mitral B) Tricuspid C) Aortic D) Pulmonic A) Mitral 4. A 58-year-old teacher presents to your clinic with a complaint of breathlessness with activity. The patient has no chronic conditions and does not take any medications, herbs, or supplements. Which of the following symptoms is appropriate to ask about in the cardiovascular review of systems? A) Abdominal pain B) Orthopnea C) Hematochezia D) Tenesmus B) Orthopnea 5. You are screening people at the mall as part of a health fair. The first person who comes for screening has a blood pressure of 132/85. How would you categorize this? A) Normal B) Prehypertension C) Stage 1 hypertension D) Stage 2 hypertension B) Prehypertension 6. You are participating in a health fair and performing cholesterol screens. One person has a cholesterol of 225. She is concerned about her risk for developing heart disease. Which of the following factors is used to estimate the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease? A) Ethnicity B) Alcohol intake C) Gender D) Asthma C) Gender 7. You are evaluating a 40-year-old banker for coronary heart disease risk factors. He has a history of hypertension, which is well-controlled on his current medications. He does not smoke; he does 45 minutes of aerobic exercise five times weekly. You are calculating his 10-year coronary heart disease risk. Which of the following conditions is considered to be a coronary heart disease risk equivalent? A) Hypertension B) Peripheral arterial disease C) Systemic lupus erythematosus D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) B) Peripheral arterial disease 8. You are conducting a workshop on the measurement of jugular venous pulsation. As part of your instruction, you tell the students to make sure that they can distinguish between the jugular venous pulsation and the carotid pulse. Which one of the following characteristics is typical of the carotid pulse? A) Palpable B) Soft, rapid, undulating quality C) Pulsation eliminated by light pressure on the vessel D) Level of pulsation changes with changes in position A) Palpable 9. A 68-year-old mechanic presents to the emergency room for shortness of breath. You are concerned about a cardiac cause and measure his jugular venous pressure (JVP).