Medical surgical practice exam Questions and Answers 100% pass

Medical surgical practice exam Questions and Answers 100% pass A 20 year old female client calls the nurse to report a lump she found in her breast. Which response is the best for the nurse to provide? - ANS -Most lumps are benign, but it is always best to come in form an examination. A 32 year old female client complains of severe abdominal pain each month before her menstrual period, painful intercourse, and painful defecation. Which additional history should the nurse obtain that is consistent with the client's complaints? - ANS -Inability to get pregnant A 46 year old female client is admitted for acute renal failure secondary to diabetes and hypertension. Which test is the best indicator of adequate glomerular filtration? - ANS -Serum creatinine A 49 year old female client arrives at the clinic for an annual exam and asks the nurse why she becomes excessively diaphoretic and feels warm during nighttime. What is the nurse's best response? - ANS -Discuss perimenopause and related comfort measures A 51 year old truck driver who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day and is 30 pounds overweight is diagnosed with having a gastric ulcer. Which content is most important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching for this client? - ANS -Information about smoking cessation A 57 year old male client is scheduled to have a stress thallium test the following morning and is NPO after midnight. At 0130, he is agitated because he cannot eat and is demanding food. Which response is best for the nurse to provide to this client? - ANS -The test you are having tomorrow requires that you have nothing by mouth tonight A 58 year old client who has been post menopausal for five years is concerned about the risk of osteoporosis because her mother has the condition. Which information should the nurse offer? - ANS -Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise A 58 year old client, who has no health problems, asks the nurse about the Pneumovax vaccine. The nurse's response to the client should be based on which information? - ANS -The immunization is administered once to older adults or persons with a history of chronic illness A 67 year old woman who lives alone tripped on a rug in her home and fractured her hip. Which predisposing factor probably led to the fracture in the proximal end of her femur? - ANS -Osteoporosis resulting from hormonal changes A 77 year old female client is admitted to the hospital. She is confused, has no appetite, is nauseated and vomiting, and is complaining of a headache. Her pulse rate is 43 beats per minute. It is most important for the nurse to assess for which finding? - ANS -Takes digitalis A client experiencing uncontrolled atrial fibrillation is admitted to the telemetry unit. What initial medication should the nurse anticipate administering to the client? - ANS -Digoxin A client has a staging procedure for cancer of the breast and ask the nurse which type of breast cancer has the poorest prognosis. Which information should the nurse offer the client? - ANS -Inflammatory with peau d'orange A client has been hospitalized with a femur fracture and is being treated with traction. which action by the nurse is the priority when caring for this client? - ANS -Assess neurovascular status A client has been taking oral corticosteroids for the past five days because of seasonal allergies. Which assessment finding is of most concern to the nurse? - ANS -Purulent sputum A client has taken steroids for 12 years to help manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When making a home visit, which nursing function is of greatest importance to this client? Assess the client's - ANS -temperature A client has undergone insertion of a permanent pacemaker. When developing a discharge teaching plan, the nurse writes a goal of, "The client will verbalize symptoms of pacemaker failure." Which symptoms are most important to teach the client? - ANS -Feelings of dizziness A client is admitted for further testing to confirm sarcoidosis Which diagnostic test provides definitive information that the nurse should report to the HCP? - ANS -Lung tissue biopsy A client is admitted to the emergency department after falling from a high roof. Which finding should the nurse report immediately? - ANS -Clear, watery drainage from the ear A client is admitted to the hospital with a medical diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The nurse knows that the prognosis for gram-negative pneumonias (such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus) is very poor. Which information relates most directly to the prognosis for gram negative pneumonias? - ANS -Gram negative organisms are more resistant to antibiotic therapy A client is admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of severe acute diverticulitis. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect this client to exhibit? - ANS -Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever A client is admitted to the medical intensive care unit with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The client's history indicates the infarction occurred ten hours ago. Which lab test result would the nurse expect this client to exhibit? - ANS -Elevated CK-MB A client is newly diagnosed with diverticulosis. The registered nurse (RN) is assessing the client's basic knowledge about the disease process. Which statement by the client conveys an understanding of the etiology of diverticula? - ANS -Chronic constipation causes weakening of colon wall which results in out pouching sacs A client is placed on a mechanical ventilator following a cerebral hemorrhage, and vecuronium bromide 0.04 mg/kg q12 hours IV is prescribed. Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client? - ANS -impaired communication related to paralysis of skeletal muscles A client presents with chronic venous insufficiency. Which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate? - ANS -Bilateral lower leg stasis dermatitis A client receiving cholestyramine (Questran) for hyperlipidemia should be evaluated for what vitamin deficiency? - ANS -K A client taking a thiazide diuretic for the past six months has a serum potassium level of 3. The nurse anticipates which change in prescription for the client? - ANS -A potassium supplement will be prescribed A client taking furosemide (Lasix), reports difficulty sleeping. What question is important for the nurse to ask the client? - ANS -At what time do you take your medication A client who has heart failure is admitted with a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L). Which action is most important for the nurse to implement? - ANS -Initiate continuous cardiac monitoring A client who is fully awake after a gastroscopy asks the nurse for something to drink. After confirming that liquids are allowed, which assessment action should the nurse consider a priority? - ANS -Check the client's gag and swallow reflexes A client who is HIV positive asks the nurse, "How will I know when I have AIDS?" Which response is best for the nurse to provide? - ANS -AIDS is diagnosed when a specific opportunistic infection is found in an otherwise health individual. A client who is receiving chemotherapy asks the nurse, "Why is so much of my hair falling out each day?" Which response by the nurse best explains the reason for alopecia? - ANS -Chemotherapy affects the cells of the body that grow rapidly, both normal and malignant