Cognitive Psychology | Memory exam questions and answers

What is memory? The processes that are used to acquire, store and later retrieved information True or false. We can have memory illusions because our brain goes beyond the information available to make sense of the world. True What are the three systems of memory? 1. Sensory 2. Short-term 3. Long-term What is sensory memory? High capacity sensory register that briefly holds perceptual information True or false. Each sense has its own form of memory. True What is iconic memory? What is its during and capacity? Visual memory... Last only a second and a high capacity What is echoic memory? And what's it's duration and capacity? Auditory memory... Lasts 5-10 seconds and a high capacity How does sensory memory become short term memory? By paying attention to it What is the capacity and duration of short term memory? Capacity: approx 7 (plus or minus 2) Duration: 5-20 seconds In what ways can we lose information in our short-term memory? Decay - fading over time Interference - loss of information due to competition of new incoming memory What is proactive memory? What is retroactive memory? Proactive: something in past interfering new information Retroactive: new informations interfering with something in the past How can we extend the capacity of STM? Chunking - blocking parts of information together How to extend the duration of STM? Rehearsal: repeating information What are the two types of rehearsal? Maintenance: repeating info over and over again Elaborating: links stimuli to each other in a meaningful way What are the three levels in the levels of processing model? Visual (shallow) Phonological Semantic (deepest) What is the capacity and duration of LTM? Capacity: thought to be unlimited Duration: decades