Nurse 612-Exam 1 unit 1, 2, 3 Advanced Test

An older adult's dysfunctional temperature regulator function places the client at greatest risk for: A) Acute dementia B) Delayed initiation of appropriate treatment C) Acute renal failure D) Misdiagnosis of pathology - ANSWERSB A client asks why his temperature is always below 98.6F. The nurse responds: A) The best way to bring your body temperature up to normal is to live in a warmer climate B) Some people maintain a core body temperature of 41C and that is normal for them C) A person's highest point of core temperature is usually first thing in the morning D) Normal core temperature varies between individuals within the range of 97F to 99.5F - ANSWERSD The nurse assessing a client admitted with a diagnosis of "fever of unknown origin" notes that the temperature is elevated, but the heart rate is within normal range. What further assessment will the client require? A) Test for Legionnaire disease B) V/Q scan for pulmonary emboli C) Thyroid scan for nodules D) Sedimentation rate for RA - ANSWERSA A 24-year-old woman presents with fever and painful swollen cervical lymph nodes. Her blood work indicates neutrophilia with a shift to the left. She most likely has: A) A mild viral infection B) A mild parasitic infection C) A severe bacterial infection D) A severe fungal infection - ANSWERSC A nurse is providing care for several clients on a neurological unit of a hospital. With which of the following clients would the nurse be justified in predicting a problem with thermoregulation? A) A 66 year old male with damage to his thalamus secondary to a cerebral vascular accident B) A 22 year old male with damage to his cerebellum secondary to a motorcycle accident C) A 45 year old female with a T8 fracture secondary to a diving accident D) A 68 year old male with end stage neurosyphilis - ANSWERSA While sponging a client who has a high temperature, the nurse observes the client begins to shiver. At this point, the priority nursing intervention would be to: A) Administer an extra does of aspirin B) Stop sponging the client and retake a set of vital signs C) Increase the room temperature by turning off the air conditioner and continue sponging the client with warmer water D) Place a heated electric blanket on the client's bed - ANSWERSB A client has an increase in core body temperature. What assessment findings does the nurse expect? A) Flushed skin B) Decreased skin temperature C) Blue nail beds D) Decreased urination - ANSWERSA Which of the following patients is most likely to have impairments to the wound healing process? A patient with: A) A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and consequent impaired mobility B) Poorly controlled blood sugars with small blood vessel disease C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease D) Congenital heart defects and anemia - ANSWERSB A two-day postoperative patient's temperature was 98.5F at 3:00 PM. At 6:00 PM, the unlicensed assistant notifies the nurse that the patient's temperature is 102F. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A) Increase intravenous fluid rate B) Notify the physician C) Document the temperature D) Offer the client a cold drink - ANSWERSB A patient diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia is admitted to the hospital. The nurse reviewing the patient's laboratory results notes an increase in the number of bands in the white blood cell count. Which of the following is the priority action of the nurse? A) Continuing to monitor the client's laboratory results; this is an expected finding in an acute infection B) Placing the client in contact isolation immediately C) Requesting a repeat blood draw to verify the findings D) Notifying the physician of the abnormal lab result - ANSWERSA The nurse is caring for a client whose temperature is increasing. The nurse is aware that the client will also experience an increase in: A) White blood cell count B) Heart rate C) Respiratory rate D) Blood pressure - ANSWERSB A patient with a rising temperature is pale and has begun to shiver. The nurse reports that the patient is in which of the following phases of fever development? A) Prodrome B) Chill C) Flush D) Defervescence - ANSWERSB A client is said to be in the chill stage of the fever process when the nurse does which of the following? A) Administers an antipyretic medication B) Observes piloerection on the skin C) Observes the client is sweating D) Determines the client will benefit from a cool sponge bath - ANSWERSB What is the most common cause of drug fever? A) Increased heat production from PTU B) Hypersensitivity reaction to medication C) Impaired peripheral heat dissipation by atropine D) Serotonin syndrome - ANSWERSB The nurse is assessing a client with diabetes and notes an area on the client's right foot as inflamed, necrotic, and eroded. The client states he accidentally slammed his foot in a door 2 weeks ago. The nurse would document this finding as a(n): A) Fungus B) Pustule C) Ulceration D) Abscess - ANSWERSC A normal response to fever is an elevated heart rate. A client with a fever who is not exhibiting an elevated heart rate would indicate to the nurse that the cause of the fever might be which of the following? A) Hyperthyroidism B) Flu C) Pulmonary emboli D) Legionnaires disease - ANSWERSD The nurse is reviewing assessment documentation of a client's wound and notes "purulent drainage". The nurse would interpret this as: A) Exudate containing large amounts of fibrinogen B) Exudate containing white blood cells, protein, and tissue debris C) Exudate that is water fluid, low in protein D) Exudate that resulted from leakage of red cells - ANSWERSB A client cuts herself with a sharp knife while cooking dinner. The client describes how the wound started bleeding and had a red appearance almost immediately. The nurse knows that in the vascular stage of acute inflammation, the vessels: A) Constrict as a result of "flight/flight" hormone release resulting in pale-colored skin B) Swell to the point of compromising circulation causing the limb to become cool to touch C) Bleed profusely until the body can compensate and start to send fibrinogen to the wound D) Vasodilate causing the area to become congested causing the red color and warmth - ANSWERSD A patient is experiencing anorexia, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, and fatigue. The nurse should assess for which of the following? A) Temperature B) Urinary output C) Respirations D) Hypothermia - ANSWERSA A client is experiencing the early stages of an inflammatory process and develops leukocytosis. The nurse recognizes this as an: A) Decrease in eosinophils at the tissue injury site B) Increase in cell production C) Decrease in blood supply to the affected area D) Increase in circulating neutrophils - ANSWERSD Which type of receptor binds with insulin? A) G-protein-linked B) Enzyme-linked C) Ion-channel-linked D) Intracellular - ANSWERSB The Krebs cycle provides a common pathway for the metabolism of nutrients by the body. The Krebs cycle forms two pyruvate molecules. Each of the two pyruvate molecules formed in the cytoplasm from one molecule of glucose yields another molecule of what? A) H2O B) NADH+ H+ C) ATP D) FAD - ANSWERSC A school nurse is teaching a class on immunity. Which statement contains an accurate explanation about cellular defenses? A) Ion channels allow rapid polarity changes, which inactivate invading organisms B) Cells release enzymes into the extracellular fluid that degrade invading organisms C) Neutrophils engulf invading organisms where lysosomes break them down D) Active transport draws invading organisms through cell channels to be destroyed - ANSWERSC The cells of the client's epithelial tissue are tightly bound together by specialized junctions. Select the junctions primarily responsible for preventing cell separation A) Occluding junctions B) Continuous tight junctions C) Nexus junctions D) Adhering junctions - ANSWERSD The nurse is aware of the importance of potassium and sodium for normal physiologic functions of a client. The rapid movement of potassium and sodium in actions is known as: A) Primary active transport B) Endocytosis C) Exocytosis D) Vesicular transport - ANSWERSA Select the main function of nervous tissue A) Communication B) Contractility C) Support D) Connecting body structure - ANSWERSA Which statement accurately explains function of cellular components? A) Microfilaments help conduct electrical signals between cells B) Mitochondria make energy for the cells to use C) Plasma membranes are impermeable D) Microtubules aid intracellular transport - ANSWERSD Which of the following cellular organelles transforms organic compounds into energy that is easily accessible to the cell? A) Golgi complex B) Ribosomes C) Lysosomes D) Mitochondria - ANSWERSD The nurse monitors the client's oxygen levels and respiratory status. The nurse is aware that oxygen is necessary for: A) Lactic acid formation B) Aerobic metabolism C) Anaerobic metabolism D) Glycolytic pathway - ANSWERSB Select the organelle that is responsible for the breakdown of excess and worn-out cell parts as well as foreign substances that are taken into the cell A) Lysosomes B) Peroxisomes C) Ribosomes D) Proteasomes - ANSWERSA A nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The nurse recognizes the fact that the disease involves the inflammation and irritation of the intestinal lining. Which of the following types of tissue is most likely involved in the client's pathology? A) Stratified epithelium B) Glandular epithelium C) Simple columnar epithelium D) Simple cuboidal epithelium - ANSWERSC While reviewing the basic information related to hemodialysis, the professor explains that water molecules move through adjacent phospholipid molecules in the cell membrane by: A) osmosis B) active transport C) secondary active transport D) diffusion E) vesicular transport - ANSWERSA When working with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is receiving peritoneal dialysis, the concept of diffusion can be explained by which of the following statements? A) "Your potassium molecules are lipid soluble and will dissolve in the lipid matrix of your cell membranes" B) If your potassium level is high, then K+ particles will move from your peritoneal cavity into the dialysis solution, where the concentration of K+ is lower C) "You will need to give yourself a potent diuretic so that you can pull the potassium into your blood stream and filter that potassium out in your kidneys" D) "If you can get very warm in a sauna, you will heat up your K+ particles, and the kinetic movement of the particles will increase and pass through the cell membranes faster" - ANSWERSB Which of the following best describes the consumption of a foreign substance, such as bacteria, in a cell? A) Anaerobic metabolism B) Phagocytosis C) Meiosis D) Hemolysis - ANSWERSB How does facilitated diffusion enable molecules to cross cell membranes? A) Substances use energy to move against the concentration gradient B) Ion channels are triggered to open and molecules cross the membrane C) Molecules are pulled in the direction of less concentration D) Transport proteins carry molecules to areas of lower concentration - ANSWERSD When exercising outside on an extremely warm day, the client can feel his heart pounding very rapidly. Thinking in terms of the ability of the aorta to stretch to accommodate more blood circulating during exercise and the warm environment, this is an example of which fibrous protein? A) Ligaments B) Elastin C) Reticular D) Collagen - ANSWERSB Which of the following statements regarding cell metabolism is most accurate? A) Energy from foodstuffs is used to convert ATP to ADP B) Glycolysis also provides energy in situations when delivery of oxygen to the cells is delayed C) Anabolism consists of breaking down stored nutrients and body tissues to produce energy D) The aerobic pathway occurs in the cytoplasm - ANSWERSB A patient has been diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease called multiple sclerosis (MS). The physician explains to the patient that this disease may be caused by dysregulated apoptosis. Later that day, the patient asks the nurse what this means. The nurse should reply: A) The cells around your nerves don't know how to die correctly B) There is an inappropriately low rate of apoptosis occurring within the cells C) The cytoplasm should neutralize the various apoptoic inhibitors but isn't working correctly D) Dysregulated apoptosis has caused an excessive rate of ptogrammed cell death along the neuro pathways - ANSWERSD