SPH-V 241 Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Real Study Quiz

1. Which of the following outcomes is NOT usually associated with world population growth? - ANS-Prosperity 2. The environment plays a role in human health through associations with: - ANS-All of the above (acute conditions, allergic responses, disability, chronic diseases) 3. The natural population replacement fertility rate in the US is estimated to be: - ANS-2.1 births per woman 4. The contributions of epidemiology to environmental health include: - ANS-All of the above (concern with populations, use of observational data, methodology for study designs, descriptive and analytic studies) 5. One of the founders of toxicology was: - ANS-Paracelsus 6. Which of the following activities characterizes the epidemiological approach (as opposed to the clinical approach): - ANS-Study of cancer occurrence in populations 7. The poisonous substance in Amanita phalloides ("death cap" mushroom) is an example of a: - ANS-Toxin 8. Which of the following observational designs is used for hypothesis testing? - ANS-Cohort studies 9. Sub-acute exposures are those that last for: - ANS-One month or less 10. What type of interaction among several agents that have no known toxic effects produces a toxic effect? - ANS-Coalitive 11. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE about case-control studies? - ANS-They are a type of longitudinal design 12. Stage 2 of the demographic transition demonstrates: - ANS-Drop in mortality rates; high fertility rates 13. The concentration and toxicity of a chemical in the body are affected by: - ANS-All of the above (route of entry into the body, received dose of the chemical, duration of exposure, individual sensitivity) 14. Those members of the population who are capable of developing a disease or condition are known as: - ANS-The population at risk 15. Direct adverse effects of xenobiotics do NOT include: - ANS-Interference with nutrition 16. The effects of rapid growth of the world's population include: - ANS-All of the above (urbanization, overtaxing carrying capacity, food insecurity, loss of biodiversity) 17. Hill's criteria of causality does NOT include: - ANS-Duration 18. An internal dose refers to: - ANS-The portion of a substance that becomes internalized in the body 19. Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by: - ANS-All of the above (physical factors, biological factors, social factors, psychosocial factors) 20. The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by: - ANS-The incidence rate for that disease in a given period of time 1. The 3 P's to principle determinants of health worldwide: - ANS-population, pollution, poverty 2. The most frequent sites of exposure to environmental (i.e. xenobiotic chemicals) include: - ANS-inhalation, skin contact, ingestion 3. A laboratory rat has been exposed to 0.5mg Benzene via drinking water, the body weight of the rat is 200g, so the administered dose is ___mg/kg. - ANS-2.5 mg/kg 4. There were 80 cases of hantavirus infection occured in a western US state, and 24 of them were fatal, the case fatality rate (CFR) is ___%. - ANS-30% (24/80) 5. Based on the utility of the epidemiology studies, they can be categorized as hypothesis __________ and hypothesis __________. - ANS-Testing/Generating 1. Used in cohort studies, the relative risk is a measure of the strength of association between a possible risk factor and a disease. - ANS-True 2. An ecologic study is one that examines individual as the unit of analysis. - ANS-False 3. Cross-sectional studies may be used to formulate hypotheses that can be followed up in analytic studies. - ANS-True 4. A relative risk of less than 1 means that there is no association between exposure and outcome. - ANS-False 5. In a case-control study, cases are those who have the outcome of interest and the controls are those who do not. - ANS-True 6. The legal profession has virtually no relevance to the environmental health field. - ANS-False 7. On of the applications of LD50 is to compare the toxicities of chemicals. - ANS-True 8. Dose-response curve is monotonically increasing. - ANS-True 9. A relative risk of less than 1 means that there is no association between exposure and outcome. - ANS-False 10. A contemporary environmental issue is the release of greenhouse gases and their possible contribution to global warming. - ANS-True 1. Mortality rate equation - ANS-deaths occurring over a given time period/ size of population in which the death occurred 2. Incidence rate equation - ANS-# of new cases/ total population at risk 3. Period prevalence equation - ANS-# of persons ill/ total population in the group 4. Odds ratio equation - ANS-AD/ BC