ATI Cardiovascular Medications Test
with Correct Solutions
Loop diuretics: furosemide, ethacrynic acid, bumetanide, torsemide - ANS -
excessive diuresis, monitor for dehydration, output less than 30ml/hr.,
hypotension, ototoxicity (irreversible w/ ethacrynic acid), hypokalemia, avoid in
pregnancy, digoxin can increase toxicity, monitor BP, lithium, NSAIDs decrease
effect
thiazide diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, methyclothiazide,
thiazide-type diuretics, indapamide, chlorthalidone, metolazone- moderate
diuretic - ANS -assess for dehydration, report less that 30ml/hr., decrease in K,
increase in glucose, avoid in pregnancy and lactation, no risk of hearing loss-
alternate day can increase electrolyte imbalance
,K-sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, may take 12-48hr to
work- less strong - ANS -hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (impotence and
irregular menstrual), no w/ kidney failure
osmotic diuretics: mannitol - ANS -acute phase kidney injury, cerebral edema,
prevent kidney failure in shock, monitor for heart failure, kidney failure, lithium
excretion is increased
ACE inhibitors: captopril (1hr before meal), enalapril, enalaprilat (only one for
IV), fosinopril, lisinopril, ramipril, moexipril (1hr before meal): vasodilate,
excrete water and sodium - ANS -used in: heart failure, HTN, MI, nephropathy.
stop diuretic 2-3days before ACE, dry cough, hyperkalemia, rash and alter taste-
report, angioedema, neutropenia, can increase lithium levels, avoid use of NSAIDs
ARBs: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, Olmesartan: dilate and
excrete - ANS -uses: HTN, prevent mortality following MI, stroke, angioedema,
fetal injury, given PO
, aldosterone antagonists: eplerenone, spironolactone: used w/ HTN, Heart
failure - ANS -hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, flulike manifestations-report,
dizziness, can cause lithium toxicity
Direct renin inhibitors: aliskiren, HTN - ANS -angioedema, hyperkalemia,
diarrhea- dose related, decreases levels of furosemide, atorvastatin can increase
levels, monitor for hypotension, avoid high fat meals
calcium channel blockers: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine,
felodipine, nicardipine - ANS -works on arteries, veins not affected
meds used for angina - ANS -nifedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, verapamil,
diltiazem
meds used for HTN - ANS -nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine,
felodipine, nicardipine
with Correct Solutions
Loop diuretics: furosemide, ethacrynic acid, bumetanide, torsemide - ANS -
excessive diuresis, monitor for dehydration, output less than 30ml/hr.,
hypotension, ototoxicity (irreversible w/ ethacrynic acid), hypokalemia, avoid in
pregnancy, digoxin can increase toxicity, monitor BP, lithium, NSAIDs decrease
effect
thiazide diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, methyclothiazide,
thiazide-type diuretics, indapamide, chlorthalidone, metolazone- moderate
diuretic - ANS -assess for dehydration, report less that 30ml/hr., decrease in K,
increase in glucose, avoid in pregnancy and lactation, no risk of hearing loss-
alternate day can increase electrolyte imbalance
,K-sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, may take 12-48hr to
work- less strong - ANS -hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (impotence and
irregular menstrual), no w/ kidney failure
osmotic diuretics: mannitol - ANS -acute phase kidney injury, cerebral edema,
prevent kidney failure in shock, monitor for heart failure, kidney failure, lithium
excretion is increased
ACE inhibitors: captopril (1hr before meal), enalapril, enalaprilat (only one for
IV), fosinopril, lisinopril, ramipril, moexipril (1hr before meal): vasodilate,
excrete water and sodium - ANS -used in: heart failure, HTN, MI, nephropathy.
stop diuretic 2-3days before ACE, dry cough, hyperkalemia, rash and alter taste-
report, angioedema, neutropenia, can increase lithium levels, avoid use of NSAIDs
ARBs: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, Olmesartan: dilate and
excrete - ANS -uses: HTN, prevent mortality following MI, stroke, angioedema,
fetal injury, given PO
, aldosterone antagonists: eplerenone, spironolactone: used w/ HTN, Heart
failure - ANS -hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, flulike manifestations-report,
dizziness, can cause lithium toxicity
Direct renin inhibitors: aliskiren, HTN - ANS -angioedema, hyperkalemia,
diarrhea- dose related, decreases levels of furosemide, atorvastatin can increase
levels, monitor for hypotension, avoid high fat meals
calcium channel blockers: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine,
felodipine, nicardipine - ANS -works on arteries, veins not affected
meds used for angina - ANS -nifedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, verapamil,
diltiazem
meds used for HTN - ANS -nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine,
felodipine, nicardipine
