CSET- Spanish Subtest 1 Verified Answers
Linguistics ✔️ The scientific study of language, focusing on its structure and function. It examines the
interaction of sound (phonetics) and meaning (semantics and pragmatics).
Phonetics ✔️ The study of human speech sounds.
Grammar ✔️ Influenced by both sound and meaning, encompassing morphology, syntax, and
phonology.
Pragmatics ✔️ The study of language use in context, focusing on how listeners interpret the intended
meaning of speakers.
Phonology ✔️ The branch of linguistics that studies the organization and use of sounds in natural
languages. For example, the difference between "time" [t] and "dime" [d] lies solely in the initial sound.
,Allophone ✔️ Sounds that are phonetically similar but not identical and are treated as the same in
linguistic communication. These sounds are different phonetically but do not change the meaning of
words. Ex: pat, spin, cup
These are sounds that are perceptibly different but do not distinguish words.
P^h - Pat (aspirated)
P- Spin (not aspirated)
P^o- Cup (your lips remain closed; /p/ is unreleased)
Allophone ✔️Is a set of multiple spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a single phoneme. For
example, [p^h] (as in pin) and [p] (as in spin) are multiple spoken sounds for the phoneme /p/ in the
English language. Although a phoneme's variation of spoken sounds are all alternative pronunciations
for a phoneme, the specific alternative sound selected in a given situation is often predictable. Changing
the alternative sounds used by native speakers for a given phoneme in a specific context usually will not
change the meaning of a word but the results may sound non-native or unintelligible. Native speakers of
a given language usually perceive one phoneme in their language as a single distinctive sound in that
language and are "both unaware of and even shocked by "all the different variations used to pronounce
single phonemes.
, Morphology ✔️The study of the structure of the words and how words are formed.
Morphemes ✔️Minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be subdivided any further.
There are two types.
Bound Morphemes ✔️The smallest unit that has meaning but cannot stand alone. (A morpheme that
must be attached to another morpheme and cannot stand alone.) Affix are often this type of
morpheme. It also includes prefixes (added to the beginning of another morpheme), suffices (added to
the end), infixes (inserted into other morphemes), and circumfixes (attached to another morpheme at
the beginning and end)
Ex: o, as, a, amos, an (the ending of any grammatical change in a verb.
Free Morphemes ✔️The smallest unit that has meaning and can stand alone. (or A morphene that does
not need to be attached to another morpheme and can stand alone)
1) open class/ lexical/content
-verb, noun, adjective, and adverb.
Linguistics ✔️ The scientific study of language, focusing on its structure and function. It examines the
interaction of sound (phonetics) and meaning (semantics and pragmatics).
Phonetics ✔️ The study of human speech sounds.
Grammar ✔️ Influenced by both sound and meaning, encompassing morphology, syntax, and
phonology.
Pragmatics ✔️ The study of language use in context, focusing on how listeners interpret the intended
meaning of speakers.
Phonology ✔️ The branch of linguistics that studies the organization and use of sounds in natural
languages. For example, the difference between "time" [t] and "dime" [d] lies solely in the initial sound.
,Allophone ✔️ Sounds that are phonetically similar but not identical and are treated as the same in
linguistic communication. These sounds are different phonetically but do not change the meaning of
words. Ex: pat, spin, cup
These are sounds that are perceptibly different but do not distinguish words.
P^h - Pat (aspirated)
P- Spin (not aspirated)
P^o- Cup (your lips remain closed; /p/ is unreleased)
Allophone ✔️Is a set of multiple spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a single phoneme. For
example, [p^h] (as in pin) and [p] (as in spin) are multiple spoken sounds for the phoneme /p/ in the
English language. Although a phoneme's variation of spoken sounds are all alternative pronunciations
for a phoneme, the specific alternative sound selected in a given situation is often predictable. Changing
the alternative sounds used by native speakers for a given phoneme in a specific context usually will not
change the meaning of a word but the results may sound non-native or unintelligible. Native speakers of
a given language usually perceive one phoneme in their language as a single distinctive sound in that
language and are "both unaware of and even shocked by "all the different variations used to pronounce
single phonemes.
, Morphology ✔️The study of the structure of the words and how words are formed.
Morphemes ✔️Minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be subdivided any further.
There are two types.
Bound Morphemes ✔️The smallest unit that has meaning but cannot stand alone. (A morpheme that
must be attached to another morpheme and cannot stand alone.) Affix are often this type of
morpheme. It also includes prefixes (added to the beginning of another morpheme), suffices (added to
the end), infixes (inserted into other morphemes), and circumfixes (attached to another morpheme at
the beginning and end)
Ex: o, as, a, amos, an (the ending of any grammatical change in a verb.
Free Morphemes ✔️The smallest unit that has meaning and can stand alone. (or A morphene that does
not need to be attached to another morpheme and can stand alone)
1) open class/ lexical/content
-verb, noun, adjective, and adverb.
