PSL 311L: Final Exam with 100% correct answers 2024

Explain any differences, issues, and benefits of using various measurement devices for taking body temperature? Which of our modalities gives a closer measure to the "core" temperature? Why? correct answers Gold standard is the rectal thermometer, which gives an approximate value of 37.6 deg C. We used the digital, mercury, forehead strip, infrared thermometer. Some of the inaccurate ones gave reading more quickly. The oral digital thermometer gives the closest reading of central core temperature but still gives an underestimation of the value. Describe some confounding issues when taking oral temperature correct answers Confounding issues when taking oral temperature would be drinking hot or cold liquids and exercising beforehand What determinants influence how "cold" an object feels correct answers How fast or slow heat is conducted away from a source (your palm) and towards the object. Slower rate = colder the object feels and faster rate = warmer the object feels Explain how wet and wind can effect affect core and surface temperature correct answers Surface and skin temp = the combination of water and air movement will result in evaporative water loss, which results in heat loss and will cause the surface temperature/central core temperature to decrease What are the possible ways the human body can lose heat to the environment? Explain how each of these effect heat loss correct answers conduction, convection and radiation Conduction correct answers direct contact between neighboring molecules, with heat flowing from warmer to cooler molecules. Different materials will conduct heat at different rates. A high rate of conductivity = greater heat loss Convection correct answers heat transfer when a fluid (air or water) flows over a surface, can either remove or add heat to the body depending upon whether the fluid is colder or hotter than the object. Convective heat loss can occur on the body surface and in the lungs Radiation correct answers emission of heat or light energy as rays or particles, bodies both radiate head and absorb heat via radiation, Evaporation is a type of radiation where water is lost when it is converted into water vapor Be able to describe the physiological events that occur between the delivery of stimulus and recorded EMG response correct answers Once the Action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction, a series of events will cause the release of a major neurotransmitter (namely acetycholine) into the synapse. This acetylcholine (Ach) will diffuse across the synapse (cleft) and bind to receptors on the muscle