Medical surgical Nursing Cases and Answer

Medical surgical Nursing Cases and Answers Active transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of which molecules move against concentration gradient Example: Sodium-potassium pump External energy required Calcium is controlled by what? - CORRECT ANSWER--Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases bone resorption (stimulated by low calcium levels) -Calcitonin opposes action of PTH and is stimulated by high levels of calcium and produced by the thyroid gland -Vitamin D Decrease plasma oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid remains in the interstitial space if the plasma oncotic pressure is too low to draw back into the capillary. Low plasma protein content decreases oncotic pressure. This can result from excessive protein loss (renal disorders), deficient protein synthesis (liver disease) and deficient protein intake (malnutrition) Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement of molecules from high to low concentration. Requires no energy. Occurs in liquids, solids, and gases ECF volume deficit (hypvolemia) - CORRECT ANSWER-Abnormal loss of normal body fluids (diarrhea, fistula drainage, hemorrhage), inadequate intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid shift.