A4M Practice Test Questions
1. Identify the true statement(s) concerning the role of mitochondria in longevity, aging, and
disease.
a. Decreased mitochondrial function results in increased oxidative damage, caused by free
radical formation combined with a decrease in antioxidant enzyme system activity.
b. Maternal transmission of mitochondrial genomes is a factor in differences in longevity
between male and female organisms (Drosophila model)
c. Alteration of the electron transport chain (ETC) promotes survival and enhances longevity
(C. elegans model).
d. a, b, c are true statements
e. Only a and b are true statements - ANS1. d
For questions 2-4, match the property of the therapeutic compound, with its correct name:
2. Shown to reduce all-cause mortality, as well as mortality specifically due to cardiovascular
disease and cancers, in men.
3. Shown to decrease the rate of telomere shortening.
4. Combined with calcium, shown to reduce mortality in the elderly.
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin D3
c. Vitamin E
d. CoEnzyme Q10
e. EPA/DHA - ANS2. a
3. e
4. b
5. Identify the true statements concerning the role of the inflammation in aging and disease:
a. Inflammation is implicated as a key factor in arthritis, asthma, allergies, diabetes, and
heart disease.
b. The two major classes of inflammatory messengers are prostaglandins and interleukins.
c. Activation of the protein complex nuclear factor kappa beta in response to oxidative stress
triggers as increase in pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha.
d. Only a and b are true statements.
e. Only a and c are true statements. - ANS5. e
(the 2 major classes of inflammatory messengers are prostaglandins and leukotrienes)
6. Identify the true statements concerning lifestyle (non-pharmacological) approaches in
hypertensive patients:
a. A large percentage of essential HTN patients may be appropriate candidates, as long as
blood pressure is evaluated and clinical target organ damage, clinical CVD, DM, or
significant risk factors are not present at the time of diagnosis and do not develop later.
b. Optimum nutrition, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals are counter indicated in patients
taking antihypertensive drugs.
c. Non-pharmacological approaches to HTN are not valuable in patients with normal BP.
d. A, b, c are true statements.
, e. None of the above are true statements. - ANS6. a
b. ...may provide excellent adjunctive treatment...
c. ...should be encouraged...
7. Identify the true statements concerning the role of increased oxidative stress in HTN:
a. Increases oxidative stress is due to increased generation of ROS with a suppressed
response to ROS.
b. Arachidonic acid metabolites do not contribute to increased levels or ROS.
c. A reduced antioxidant reserve results from lower intracellular, extracellular, enzymatic, and
non-enzymatic antioxidants.
d. a, b, and c are true statements
e. None of the above are true statements. - ANS7. c
a. ...an exacerbated...
b. ...do contribute....
8. Identify the true statements concerning protein intake and effect on BP:
a. Studies have demonstrated a consistent association between high protein intake and
reduction in BP.
b. Studies have demonstrated that non-animal protein is more effective than animal protein,
in reducing BP.
c. Bovine casein-derived peptides and whey protein-derived peptides exhibit
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) activity.
d. Sardine muscle protein contains valyl-tyrosine (VAL-TYR), found to significantly lower BP
in HTN subjects.
e. All of the above. - ANS8. e
9. Identify the true statements concerning the mechanism of action of omega-3 and PUFA on
BP:
a. Suppress nitric oxide (NO)
b. Decreases leukotrienes
c. Reduces glycogen storage
d. Suppresses glucose uptake
e. Increases plasma norepinephrine - ANS9. b
a. stimulates NO
c. increases glycogen storage
d. increases glucose uptake
e. reduces plasma norepi
10. With regard to the management of dyslipidemia identify the clinical recommendations
concerning a regimen of nutrition and exercise.
a. Consume at least 6 servings of fruits and vegies, whole grains, mixed and insoluble fibers.
b. Limit daily protein intake to no more than 1.5 g/kg.
c. Engage in aerobic exercise 30 min, 3 times a week.
d. Engage in resistance training exercise 20 min, 4 times a week.
e. Achieve ideal weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body composition (Body fat). -
ANS10. e
a. consume 10
b. Consume mod high protein 1.5-1.8 g.kg/day
1. Identify the true statement(s) concerning the role of mitochondria in longevity, aging, and
disease.
a. Decreased mitochondrial function results in increased oxidative damage, caused by free
radical formation combined with a decrease in antioxidant enzyme system activity.
b. Maternal transmission of mitochondrial genomes is a factor in differences in longevity
between male and female organisms (Drosophila model)
c. Alteration of the electron transport chain (ETC) promotes survival and enhances longevity
(C. elegans model).
d. a, b, c are true statements
e. Only a and b are true statements - ANS1. d
For questions 2-4, match the property of the therapeutic compound, with its correct name:
2. Shown to reduce all-cause mortality, as well as mortality specifically due to cardiovascular
disease and cancers, in men.
3. Shown to decrease the rate of telomere shortening.
4. Combined with calcium, shown to reduce mortality in the elderly.
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin D3
c. Vitamin E
d. CoEnzyme Q10
e. EPA/DHA - ANS2. a
3. e
4. b
5. Identify the true statements concerning the role of the inflammation in aging and disease:
a. Inflammation is implicated as a key factor in arthritis, asthma, allergies, diabetes, and
heart disease.
b. The two major classes of inflammatory messengers are prostaglandins and interleukins.
c. Activation of the protein complex nuclear factor kappa beta in response to oxidative stress
triggers as increase in pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha.
d. Only a and b are true statements.
e. Only a and c are true statements. - ANS5. e
(the 2 major classes of inflammatory messengers are prostaglandins and leukotrienes)
6. Identify the true statements concerning lifestyle (non-pharmacological) approaches in
hypertensive patients:
a. A large percentage of essential HTN patients may be appropriate candidates, as long as
blood pressure is evaluated and clinical target organ damage, clinical CVD, DM, or
significant risk factors are not present at the time of diagnosis and do not develop later.
b. Optimum nutrition, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals are counter indicated in patients
taking antihypertensive drugs.
c. Non-pharmacological approaches to HTN are not valuable in patients with normal BP.
d. A, b, c are true statements.
, e. None of the above are true statements. - ANS6. a
b. ...may provide excellent adjunctive treatment...
c. ...should be encouraged...
7. Identify the true statements concerning the role of increased oxidative stress in HTN:
a. Increases oxidative stress is due to increased generation of ROS with a suppressed
response to ROS.
b. Arachidonic acid metabolites do not contribute to increased levels or ROS.
c. A reduced antioxidant reserve results from lower intracellular, extracellular, enzymatic, and
non-enzymatic antioxidants.
d. a, b, and c are true statements
e. None of the above are true statements. - ANS7. c
a. ...an exacerbated...
b. ...do contribute....
8. Identify the true statements concerning protein intake and effect on BP:
a. Studies have demonstrated a consistent association between high protein intake and
reduction in BP.
b. Studies have demonstrated that non-animal protein is more effective than animal protein,
in reducing BP.
c. Bovine casein-derived peptides and whey protein-derived peptides exhibit
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) activity.
d. Sardine muscle protein contains valyl-tyrosine (VAL-TYR), found to significantly lower BP
in HTN subjects.
e. All of the above. - ANS8. e
9. Identify the true statements concerning the mechanism of action of omega-3 and PUFA on
BP:
a. Suppress nitric oxide (NO)
b. Decreases leukotrienes
c. Reduces glycogen storage
d. Suppresses glucose uptake
e. Increases plasma norepinephrine - ANS9. b
a. stimulates NO
c. increases glycogen storage
d. increases glucose uptake
e. reduces plasma norepi
10. With regard to the management of dyslipidemia identify the clinical recommendations
concerning a regimen of nutrition and exercise.
a. Consume at least 6 servings of fruits and vegies, whole grains, mixed and insoluble fibers.
b. Limit daily protein intake to no more than 1.5 g/kg.
c. Engage in aerobic exercise 30 min, 3 times a week.
d. Engage in resistance training exercise 20 min, 4 times a week.
e. Achieve ideal weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body composition (Body fat). -
ANS10. e
a. consume 10
b. Consume mod high protein 1.5-1.8 g.kg/day
