Pharmacology and the Nursing
Process 9th edition
Compliance - ANSImplementation or fulfillment of a prescriber's or caregiver's prescribed
course of treatment or therapeutic plan by a patient.
medication error - ANSAny preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate
medication use by a patient or health care professional; it may or may not cause the patient
harm.
Noncompliance - ANSAn informed decision on the part of the patient not to adhere to or
follow a therapeutic plan or suggestion.
Nursing Process - ANSfive-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves
assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
Outcomes - ANSMeasurable statements of specific patient behaviors or responses that
demonstrate meeting of or achievement of behaviors related to each patient's human needs
Prescriber - ANSAny health care professional licensed by the appropriate regulatory board
to prescribe medications.
Additive effects - ANSThe effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is
equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone
Adverse drug event - ANSany undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to
administer a prescribed medication
Adverse drug reaction - ANSany unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response
to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose)
Adverse effects - ANSA general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response
to one or more drugs.
Agonist - ANSA drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the
body.
Allergic reaction - ANSAn immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual
sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event.
Antagonist - ANSA drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the
body. Antagonists are also called inhibitors.
, Antagonistic effects - ANSDrug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or
more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone (1 +
1 equals less than 2); it is usually caused by an antagonizing (blocking or reducing) effect of
one drug on another.
Bioavailability - ANSA measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route
(from 0% to 100%).
Biotransformation - ANSOne or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug; occurs
mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active. Also known as
metabolism.
Blood-brain barrier - ANSThe barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals
and microscopic entities (e.g., bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and the central
nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen.
Chemical name - ANSThe name that describes the chemical composition and molecular
structure of a drug.
Contraindication - ANSa factor in the patient's condition that makes the use of a medication
or specific treatment dangerous or ill advised
Cytochrome p-450 - ANSThe general name for a large class of enzymes that play a
significant role in drug metabolism and drug interactions.
Dependence - ANSA state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for a drug
Dissolution - ANSThe process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the
gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation.
Drug - ANSany chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Drug actions - ANSThe processes involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells
(e.g., the action of a drug on a receptor protein); also called mechanism of action.
Drug classification - ANSA method of grouping drugs; may be based on structure or
therapeutic use.
Drug effects - ANSThe physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. They can be therapeutic
or toxic and describe how the body is affected as a whole by the drug.
Drug-induced teratogenesis - ANSThe development of congenital anomalies or defects in
the developing fetus caused by the toxic effects of drugs.
Drug interaction - ANSwhen a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement
such that the effect of one of the substances is greater or smaller
Duration of action - ANSthe length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect
Process 9th edition
Compliance - ANSImplementation or fulfillment of a prescriber's or caregiver's prescribed
course of treatment or therapeutic plan by a patient.
medication error - ANSAny preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate
medication use by a patient or health care professional; it may or may not cause the patient
harm.
Noncompliance - ANSAn informed decision on the part of the patient not to adhere to or
follow a therapeutic plan or suggestion.
Nursing Process - ANSfive-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves
assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
Outcomes - ANSMeasurable statements of specific patient behaviors or responses that
demonstrate meeting of or achievement of behaviors related to each patient's human needs
Prescriber - ANSAny health care professional licensed by the appropriate regulatory board
to prescribe medications.
Additive effects - ANSThe effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is
equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone
Adverse drug event - ANSany undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to
administer a prescribed medication
Adverse drug reaction - ANSany unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response
to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose)
Adverse effects - ANSA general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response
to one or more drugs.
Agonist - ANSA drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the
body.
Allergic reaction - ANSAn immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual
sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event.
Antagonist - ANSA drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the
body. Antagonists are also called inhibitors.
, Antagonistic effects - ANSDrug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or
more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone (1 +
1 equals less than 2); it is usually caused by an antagonizing (blocking or reducing) effect of
one drug on another.
Bioavailability - ANSA measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route
(from 0% to 100%).
Biotransformation - ANSOne or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug; occurs
mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active. Also known as
metabolism.
Blood-brain barrier - ANSThe barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals
and microscopic entities (e.g., bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and the central
nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen.
Chemical name - ANSThe name that describes the chemical composition and molecular
structure of a drug.
Contraindication - ANSa factor in the patient's condition that makes the use of a medication
or specific treatment dangerous or ill advised
Cytochrome p-450 - ANSThe general name for a large class of enzymes that play a
significant role in drug metabolism and drug interactions.
Dependence - ANSA state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for a drug
Dissolution - ANSThe process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the
gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation.
Drug - ANSany chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Drug actions - ANSThe processes involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells
(e.g., the action of a drug on a receptor protein); also called mechanism of action.
Drug classification - ANSA method of grouping drugs; may be based on structure or
therapeutic use.
Drug effects - ANSThe physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. They can be therapeutic
or toxic and describe how the body is affected as a whole by the drug.
Drug-induced teratogenesis - ANSThe development of congenital anomalies or defects in
the developing fetus caused by the toxic effects of drugs.
Drug interaction - ANSwhen a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement
such that the effect of one of the substances is greater or smaller
Duration of action - ANSthe length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect
