ANSC 4405 Exam 4 Questions And Answers With Verified Study Solutions

With appropriate given information, be able to calculate feedlot cost of gain and breakeven. - ANStotal cost of gain = (non-feed + feed cost)/total weight gain feed only cost of gain = feed cost/weight gain breakeven = (initial price + op cost)/selling weight What are Beef Quality Assurance Programs (BQA) and what is their relevance? What are some components that would go into beef quality assurance in a feedyard? Though BQA are not mandated, do many feedyards provide some type of training? - ANS-BQA = certification that producers understand how to properly handle and care for their animals so that a safe and quality product is delivered to consumers to ensure their view of the industry is positive -Production practices = feeding, overall husbandry, record keeping -Training = online and optional Who is responsible for developing BQA guidelines? - ANSveterinarians and producers backed up by science Describe the role of the consulting nutritionist. - ANSA person voluntarily hired to influence thinking, a good one's recommendations are followed According to Dr. Turgeon, what are the 5 R's of cattle feeding, and of those 5 R's, which is the most important? - ANSRight feed, right pen, right amount, right time (most important), right way What is the most important metric for evaluating cattle feeding profitability? - ANSfeed efficiency Why is roughage level dictated by management capabilities within a feedyard? - ANSIf management is good a low roughage/high concentrate diet can be fed and cattle won't suffer from acidosis, they will be profitable, if management is not good higher roughage ensures easier management of cattle with less risk to their health and profitability How can feeding high energy diets to beef cattle be successfully accomplished? - ANSfat, ionophores, multiple feedings, feed bunk management Describe how days on feed, dressing percentage and cattle end weight have changed over the past 10 years. - ANSdays on feed = longer dressing percentage = higher cattle end weight = heavier Explain why days on feed, dressing percentage, and cattle end weight have changed - ANSration prices lower, genetics are better for heavier cattle, longer days on feed allows for more gain and a higher dress percentage During the last 30 days on feed, ______% of tissue accretion is on the ____________. - ANS80, carcass How are the majority of fed cattle marketed today? - ANSon carcass basis What is a CAFO? - ANSanimals are stabled or confined for 45 days of more in any 12 month period What is the definition of a large- scale CAFO? - ANSgreater than 1,000 head What are factors in livestock facilities that impact gas and dust production, and how can these factors be regulated to reduce these emissions? - ANS-Climate = temperature/humidity, airflow -Animal factors = number/size, diet (DDS >30% protein), activity - Manure management = composting - Retention ponds, cleaning pens regularly ____% of nutrients consumed by cattle are converted to product, why? - ANS20%, a lot of nutrients are lost to gas or excretion What are the primary air quality contaminants in manure? - ANSH2S, N2O, methane, particulates, ammonia Aside from gaseous emissions from manure, what other components of the feedyard contribute to gaseous emissions? - ANSpen surface, cattle, roads, feed mill, manure stock piles, retention ponds What are the sources of N losses in feedyards? - ANSNH3, N2O, N2, Amines How are NH3, N2O, CH4, and H2S produced? - ANS- NH3 = Hydrolyzed from urea and urine, rapid. of mineralized from feces, slow. - N2O = bacteria ferment N substrate in feces, nitrification/denitrification - CH4 = from fermentation of CHO - H2S = decomposition of manure via anaerobic conditions