BACT EXAM 1 (QUESTIONS & ANSWERS) SOLVED 100% CORRECT!!

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to view microorganisms and record his observations. Which of the following microorganisms would NOT have been observed by Leeuwenhoek A) fungi B) viruses C) prokaryotes D) algae E) Protozoa - ANSB) viruses The phylogenetic tree at the right A) depicts that arches is closer to bacteria than eukaryia B) depicts that eukarya is closer to bacteria than arches C) includes every single life form on this earth D) includes unicellular and some forms of multicellular life, but not complex animals and plants - ANSC) includes every single life form in this earth Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE? A) fungi are eukaryotes B) molds are multicellular C) fungi have a cell wall D) fungi are photosynthetic E) yeasts are unicellular - ANSD) fungi are photosynthetic A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single called organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is it's most likely classification? A) fungi B) virus C) archaea D) algae E) protozoan - ANSC) archea Which of the following statement is FALSE? A) microbial calls can exist as single cells B) microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently C) microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses D) microbial cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane - ANSC) microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses You are suffering from a Staphylococcal skin infection. You share the following with the bacteria that is responsible for your condition A) you both belong to the same domain B) you are both made up of cells C) you both have genetic material in your nucleus D) you and staphylococcus have nothing in common - ANSB) you Both are made up of cells A pasture flask has a(n) A) Swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask B) double neck so two substances may be added at the same time C) secondary opening at the bast to allow for drainage D) inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling - ANSA) swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flasks Which of the the following was a crucial difference between the work of John T Needhan and Louis Pasteur in the question of spontaneous generation? A) whether or not the infusions were boiled B) whether or not the flasks were sealed C) whether meat or infusions were used D) the length of time the flasks were boiled E) the method of sealing the flasks - ANSB) whether or not the flasks were sealed Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the following experiments will provide the best data to address that question? A) determine the survival rate of agrobacterium when exposed to different concentrations of an antibiotic B) measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations of agrobacterium C) measure the concentration of agrobacterium in different soil environment where the plants grow D) measure the number of tumors formed in plants, which are exposed to agrobacterium for different lengths of time - ANSD) measure the number of tumors formed in plants, which are exposed to agrobacterium for different lengths of time In which of the following situations would Koch's postulated be utilized A) determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission B) development of a new antibiotic in pharmaceutical lab C) determination of the cause of cancer in a patient D) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab E) whenever the scientific method is used to investigate a more into a biological problem - ANSA) determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying does ease transmission Robert Koch helped establish the germ theory of disease by discovering that anthrax was caused by a bacterium, Bacillus anthrax is. After he isolated and purified the same bacteria Freon several diseased animals, what would be the next step in order to show that this bacterium caused anthrax? A) introduce the bacteria into a new, healthy mouse to see if it established the same infection B) visualize the bacteria with an electron microscope C) culture the bacteria on petrified dishes D) find out if antibiotics treat the diseased animals - ANSA) introduce the bacteria into a new, healthy mouse to see if it established the same infection The term ___________ refers to the study of the blood components that fight infection A) antisepsis B) chemotherapy C) etiology D) serology E) bioremediation - ANSD) serology In 1847 Ignaz Semmelweis observed that mothers and their new born infants had higher mortality rates at Vienna's General Hospital when they were delivered by medical personnel than when they were delivered by midwifes. Which of the following would be an acceptable hypothesis to answer why the mortality rate was higher in mothers and newborns delivered by medical personnel? A) if medical personnel wash their hands after handling cadavers, then the mortality rate of mothers and newborns delivered by medical personnel will decrease B) medical personnel, but not midwives are transferring cadaver particles from cadavers to their patients C) after hand washing policies were in place, the mortality rate fell to 2% for medical personnel which was the same as midwives D) puerperal fever is caused by cadaver particles and the more case we particles present, the higher the mortality rate - ANSB) medical personnel, but not midwives are transferring cadaverparticles from cadevers to their patients The experiments conducted by this individual using jars containing raw meat that were sealed, were interpreted as refuting the theory of spontaneous generation - ANSFrancesco Redi This individual was a pioneer in disease etiology and members from his lab made significant contributions to the field of microbiology such as aseptic technique, Petri dishes, and staining techniques for bacterial cells and flagella - ANSRobert Koch Which individual pioneered the ideas of selective toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, focusing heavily on developing a syphilis treatment - ANSPaul Ehrlich Which individuals research during a cholera outbreak in London laid the foundation for epidemiology and infection control branches of mirciobiology - ANSJohn snow Which individual investigated processes for aseptic surgery and his work in the 1869s proved that sterilization instruments, and sanitizing wounds with carbolic acid encouraged healing and prevented pus formation - ANSJoseph Lister Which group of individuals used the gene encoding an rRNA or the small ribisomal subunit to construct the three domain approach to classify organisms - ANSCarl Woese and George Fox Which group do individuals combated smallpox infections through variation and vaccination? - ANSLady Mary Wortley Montagu and Edward Jenner Which group of individuals researched the roles microbes play the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems (specifically nitrogen and sulfur)? - ANSMartinis Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky