CHM 1045 Final Exam Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

4 concepts of Dalton's atomic theory and their correctness - 1. All matter is composed of indivisible particles (atoms) (can split atoms but this is generally correct) 2. atoms and indestructible and unchangeable (can change with extraneous outside methods, but still true) 3. all atoms of a given element are identical (false because of isotopes) 4. compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine (true) absolute numbers - counts rather than measurements, conversion factors; infinite sig figs accurate - close to the true value acid - compound that releases H+ into solution when placed in water (proton donors) acid + base --> - salt + water actual yield - amount of product actually made in a reaction Afbau principle - lowest energy orbitals fill first Aristotle - five basic elements (earth, air, fire, water, and ether) assigning formal charges - FC = valence e-'s - [bonds + lone pair e-'s] at constant volume, {delta}H is ___________ proportional to q(rxn) - inversely atomic mass - 1 amu = 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atomatomic size - increases as you move down a group because you're adding a shell decreases across a period because # of shielding electrons is staying the same while protons and outer shell electrons are added atomic symbol - A x C B C = element symbol A = atomic mass number B = atomic number x = charge Avogadro's law - if pressure and temperature are constant, volume=(constant)(moles) V1/n1 = V2/n2 avogadro's number - 1 mole = 6.022 x10^23 entities AX - EPG = linear MG = linear AX2 - EPG = linear MG = linear AX2E - EPG = trigonal planar MG = bent AX2E2 - EPG = tetrahedralMG = bent AX3 - EPG = trigonal planar MG = trigonal planar AX3E - EPG = tetrahedral MG = trigonal pyramidal AX3E2 - EPG = trigonal bipyramidal MG = T-shaped AX3E3 - EPG = octahedral MG = T-shape AX4 - EPG = tetrahedral MG = tetrahedral AX4E - EPG = trigonal bipyramidal MG = seesaw AX4E2 - EPG = octahedral MG = square planar AX5 - EPG = trigonal bipyramidal MG = trigonal bipyramidal