Class notes Chem 112

Chemical Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics. Gibbs free energy and spontaneity. Entropy and enthalpy changes. Chemical Kinetics: Detailed reaction mechanisms. Rate laws and order of reactions. Temperature dependence and the Arrhenius equation. Chemical Equilibrium: Advanced equilibrium concepts. Calculations involving equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp). Le Chatelier’s principle in complex systems. Acid-Base Equilibria: Strong vs. weak acids and bases. pH calculations and titration curves. Buffer solutions and their applications. Solubility Equilibria: Solubility product constant (Ksp). Common ion effect and precipitation. Complex ion formation. Electrochemistry: Detailed redox reactions. Nernst equation and electrochemical cells. Applications of electrochemistry (batteries, corrosion). Coordination Chemistry: Structure and bonding in coordination compounds. Crystal field theory and ligand field theory. Color and magnetism of coordination compounds. Nuclear Chemistry: Types of radioactive decay. Nuclear reactions and stability. Applications of nuclear chemistry (medical, energy). Organic Chemistry Basics: Introduction to organic molecules and functional groups. Basic organic reactions and mechanisms. Nomenclature and isomerism. Spectroscopy and Analytical Techniques: Principles of spectroscopy (UV-Vis, IR, NMR). Chromatography and mass spectrometry. Applications in chemical analysis.