Nutrition, Nursing Level 1 GRADE A+ SOLUTIONS

NUTRITION Nutrition: study of how food nourishes the body Nutrition is the process by which the body ingests, absorbs, transports, uses, & eliminates food Needed for growth & development, tissue maintenance & repair, cellular metabolism, and organ function METABOLIC REQUIREMENTS Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): energy needed at rest to maintain life-sustaining activities (breathing, circulation, heart rate, and temperature) for a specific amount of time Essential functions: respiration, circulation, peristalsis, muscle tone, body temperature, glandular activity FACTORS INFLUENCING BMR - Lean body mass (muscles and organs) - greater metabolic activity in lean tissues - Growth periods - growth hormone stimulates cell metabolism ( BMR) - Fasting - slows BMR - Body temperature -fever increases BMR - Hormonal status - Ex. Hypothyroidism = decreased BMR NUTRIENTS Nutrients: elements necessary for the normal function of body processes Nutrient density: proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories Nutrients: Energy and regulation Supply energy (kilocalories): Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Needed to regulate body processes: Vitamins Minerals Water CARBOHYDRATES Main energy source - 4 kcal/g Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) Converted to glucose for quick energy Main source of fuel for brain, skeletal muscles during exercise, erythrocyte/leukocyte production, cell function of renal medulla Carbohydrates: storage, metabolism, sources Stored as glycogen in liver & skeletal muscle tissue Liver synthesizes & breaks down glycogen to maintain blood-glucose levels Plant-based: grains, fruits, vegetables, dried peas/beans, sugars What type of sugar (a disaccharide) does not come from a plant-based source? Lactose (milk products, frozen yogurts, cottage cheese, evaporated milk, goats milk, and ice creams) Simple vs complex carbs Carb units are also called saccharides - Simple carbs – ÷ monosaccharides - glucose, fructose ÷ disaccharides - sucrose, maltose, lactose - Complex carbs or polysaccharides ÷ starches, such as potatoes, cereal grains, legumes FIBER Fiber is a polysaccharide CONTINUED......