Natural History BIO 1902 - Final Exam Question with 100 % correct answers | Verified | updated

1# problem for predators - Starvation Active searching - (search and capture) Walking around until they pick up a trail of prey. Wolfs, wolf spiders, Tiger beetles. Adaptations for storing food - Enlarged salivary glands that make food sticky can stick to places. Nest early, Memory (a large hippocampus provides excellent spatial memory). Chickadee's hippocampus grows larger before winter. Adaptions of Brown Headed Cowbirds - Fast egg laying, 20-40 seconds compare to hour to not get caught, rhicker egg shells to protect eggs while laying them, fast hatching (10 days) to get food fist, removal of host egg prior to laying (so host bird doesnt notice difference in eggs) young outcompete nest mates due to larger size, unless cowbird laid in larger nest Adhesive Traps - Traps that are sticky and are glue like, Sundews, Butterworts Adult Birds - Can tell through DNA, used to thik are monogomous, 70% are, cuckoldry is common in monogamous birds, more than one fater to the eggs in the nest guarded by another male Advantages of seed dispersal - - Less crowding - Variation - Better environment - Prevents disease spreading and In breeding - Saves some of the offsprings from being eating But seeds are not produced each year in the same amount. (boom or bust) - Many vary production based on environmental conditions - Abort seeds if conditions become poor.Aerial Displays - Searms of bugs, midges, mating swarm of males Aggressive Mimicry - A technique used by some animals to lure prey to them by mimicking something else, angler fish uses lure to eat animals attracted to it, alligator snapping turtles Altricial - Hatch all at once, hatched in very helpless stage Altricial young - describes organisms that are not very developed when born and that require care or nursing Amplexus - The mating position of frogs and toads, in which the male clasps the female about the back, can help females release their eggs Anemochory - Wind disperal, need lightweight, silk parachtes, small size, milkweeds do this, with this there is no guarenteed to hit the right target, produce lots of seeds, firewood flower produces 70,000 to 100,000 seeds Anemophily - WInd pollination, grass, trees, sedges, ragweeds, coniferous trees have this, disprsed pollen is lightweight ans small, might not hit riht target, wind not always ythere, no need for attraction, produces a lot of pollen to increase chance, millipedes will eat pollen that didnt reachtarget animals that do not provide parental care - Toads and frogs, Dragon flies - but they will take care to pick a good enviroment for the young to be born Ant Lion Larve - Creat pitfall traps, their mandibles inject posiion, pulls under sand, throws up sand to get animal to fall down Anti Aphrodisiacs - Some males do this, mosquitos spem hardens makes scement plug, male garter snakes also do this, male honey bees make plug by exploding an dideAnticoagulats - Natural reaction of a host to having its blood taken is that it clots, so these animals or parasites inject chemicals to keeep the blood flowing Antlers - Ornaments, display during mating season, fall off after season and grow back the following year, change size and shape with age, start growing in april and finish in august, 4 months to grow, shed and grow back, usually bigger, moose antler bone fasters growing bones in the world, deformed antlers dont impress Antlers Continued - Very heavy, so only the biggest males can bare weight of huge antlers, display can defuse reduse aggresion, product of sexual selection Argiope Spider - MAkes a web with zig zag patten called stabilmentum, so birds could see the web and not break them, also the stabilimentum os ultra violet, so insects are attracted to it Arrenurus Mites - Relatives to ticks, ectoparasites, dragonflies often have them, gets on dragonflie nymy and the skin splits and the dragon flie comes out, the mite ttaches it asexual reproduction - Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself Asexual Reproduction Drawback - No genetic diversity, no natural selection as in sexual Asynchronized Hatching - Owls and halks have this incubatin starts after first egg islad, refused feeding stress on parent, refuse odds of losing entire brood, ensure survival of some young in times of food stress, oldest might eat the youngust Asynchronous hatching - May lessen feeding stress Rudence odds of losing entire brood Ensure survival of some young in times of food stress Autorophic - Most plants are this, still need basic ingrdients of water, sunlight, and nutrientsavoiding self pollanation - spatial separation of the sexes: - Spatial placement in the same flower - insects enter and exit the slower without mixed the male and female parts of the egg in the same flower. - Temporal separation of sexes - special parts are open at different times - Flower changes from male to female (normally male to female) - temporary sexchange (dichogamy). - Plants with spiral floral arrangement display dichogamy 'with a twist' lower flowers open first and functionally are male with pollen blocking the way inside the flower. After the pollen is removed flowers become functionally female. Baculum - Penis bone, walruses, rodents ballistic ejections - violet s also have seed elaiosomes, but first they are dispersed from the plants, the pods shrink, squeezing out seeds one by one - then the ants take them. Orange jewel weeds grow in wet places, when seeds are mature the pod straps are under high tension and the straps burst open and disperse the seeds (up to 3m) Barnacles and Finding a Mate - Meet by chance, inhabiting a whale (sedentary) and are hermphroditic and have a penis, comes out, tring to find a mate, 40 times a mate Bashing Stamens - Laurela have this, arm comes up and hits the insect, leaving pollen on it Bats and Mating - Mate in summer give birth next spring, gestatin of 40 days, not delayed implatation, females stroe sperm until they are ready for it, have materinity colonlyss, onlu females, males go off somewhere else BEavers and Grooming - HAve a special cleaning claw, hind foot has a double or split toenail for grooming, no one knows the true function Beavers and Storing - Create a central cache of branches called food pule, water beneath so they can sacsess it from underwater when the surface has frozen, use drag tails to drag branches to the water neat their lodge, beavers put stuff they dont want to ea on top to hold down the food they really want toeat because the stuff at the surfacr will be frozen, favourite food is poplar and go to great lengths to have it Bee Orchids and Fly Orchids - Offer rouse of sex and they smell phermodens and see the femae, but is fake mate Berries and Low Food Storage - One solution to be nomadic and move to food rich regions, like waxwings, move from alberta to ontario to find large quantiaties of food, irruption Bioaccumulation - The accumulation of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in various tissues of a living organism. Passes toxins up the food chain. biparental care - both parents provide care for offspring. seen in wolves and foxes