D. Y. Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Kolhapur Engineering Chemistry
4" Fuels
" Introduction:
1) Fuel is essential constituent requirement of industries as well as of domestic operations
to get heat energy required to conduct various process.
2) Fuels can be defined as substances which undergo combustion in the presence of air to
produce a large aniount of heat that can be used economically for domestic and
industrial purpose.
3) This is because usefulness of a fuel depends upon how much heat it produces and also
on the other qualities with which it can be stored, transported handled etc.
4) Various fuels used are,
wood, coal, kerosene,' petrol, diesel, gasoline, coal gas, producer gas, water gas, natural
gas (LPG) etc.
" Classification of chemical
fuels:
1) Chemical fuels are classified on the basis of origin as
Primary or natural fuels
i) Secondary or artificial fuels or derived fuels
2) On the basis of physical state both the fuels are further classified as
i) Solid Fuels
ii) Liquid Fuels
ii) Gaseous Fuels
3) Fuels can be also classified as organic or inorganic fuels or nuclear fuels
e.g. Vegetable Fuels - coal, organic fuel etc.
Mineral Fuels - elemental sulphur etc.
Nuclear Fuels - enriched Uraniun oxide
4) When we have to use fuels in industries these are categorized as
i) Power generating fuels
ii) Process fuels
Chemical
Fuels
Primary or Secondary or
Natural Derived
Solid Liquid Gaseous Solid Liquid Gaseous
Peat
sponge
e.g. Wood,
Coal
e.g.
crude
e.g. e.g. e.g.
Alcohol, e.g. Water
subatante natural Charcoal, gas, LPG,
foundig (ol oil, gas coke, Petrol,
vegetabl pulverise Diesel, Biogas
deepsep eoils dcoal Kerosene
feseil
) Anthoaote
uelstoa l .
RocK
1
, D. Y. Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Kolhapur
Engineering Che D.
Characteristics or Properties of Fuels:
1)Fuels arecharacterized by testing certain physical and chemical properties
2) Physical propertiesare,
a) Calorificvalue or specific heat of combustion catnfic value Hah
b) Ignition temperature - Moderate
c) Flame Temperature
d) Flash temperature Cosbon roottrt appnpdad
e) Aniline Point Snire ash le s
f)Knocking - Use in internal engine s) micauy atforai
g) Specific Gravity
h) Cloud and Pour Point tornbusti er valae(Lod
i) Viscosity Easiy avalas
j) Coke Number
k)Moisture Content - Nil ) crofriendg
1) Volatille Matter - As low as possible
m) No ash matter
n) Easy risk free transportation o) Storage Space - Small p) Air requirement - Adequate
3) The chemical properties include the compositional analysis of fuels
a) For solid and liquid fuels:- Percentage of various elements such as C, H, 0, N, S
Percentage of moisture Percentage of volatile matter
b) For gaseous fuels Percentage of combustible gases - e.g. CO, H2, CH,
Percentage of
noncombustible gases -N, CO) etc.
" Comparison between solid, liquid & gaseous fuels
S. No. Property Solid Fuels Liquid Fuels Gaseous Fuels
Calorific Value Low Higher Highest
Specific Gravity Highest Medium Lowest
3 Ignition High Low Lowest
Temperature
4
Efficiency Poor Good Best
Air required for Large and excess Less excess of air Slight excess of
combustion of air air
6 Use in I.C. engine Cannot be used Already in use Can be used
7 Mode of supply Cannot be piped Can be piped Can be piped
8 Space of Storage 50% less than solid fuel Very high space
Large
9 Relative Cost
Cheaper Costly More costly than
other two
10 Care in storage and Less care required | Care is necessary Great Care
transport Required
2
4" Fuels
" Introduction:
1) Fuel is essential constituent requirement of industries as well as of domestic operations
to get heat energy required to conduct various process.
2) Fuels can be defined as substances which undergo combustion in the presence of air to
produce a large aniount of heat that can be used economically for domestic and
industrial purpose.
3) This is because usefulness of a fuel depends upon how much heat it produces and also
on the other qualities with which it can be stored, transported handled etc.
4) Various fuels used are,
wood, coal, kerosene,' petrol, diesel, gasoline, coal gas, producer gas, water gas, natural
gas (LPG) etc.
" Classification of chemical
fuels:
1) Chemical fuels are classified on the basis of origin as
Primary or natural fuels
i) Secondary or artificial fuels or derived fuels
2) On the basis of physical state both the fuels are further classified as
i) Solid Fuels
ii) Liquid Fuels
ii) Gaseous Fuels
3) Fuels can be also classified as organic or inorganic fuels or nuclear fuels
e.g. Vegetable Fuels - coal, organic fuel etc.
Mineral Fuels - elemental sulphur etc.
Nuclear Fuels - enriched Uraniun oxide
4) When we have to use fuels in industries these are categorized as
i) Power generating fuels
ii) Process fuels
Chemical
Fuels
Primary or Secondary or
Natural Derived
Solid Liquid Gaseous Solid Liquid Gaseous
Peat
sponge
e.g. Wood,
Coal
e.g.
crude
e.g. e.g. e.g.
Alcohol, e.g. Water
subatante natural Charcoal, gas, LPG,
foundig (ol oil, gas coke, Petrol,
vegetabl pulverise Diesel, Biogas
deepsep eoils dcoal Kerosene
feseil
) Anthoaote
uelstoa l .
RocK
1
, D. Y. Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Kolhapur
Engineering Che D.
Characteristics or Properties of Fuels:
1)Fuels arecharacterized by testing certain physical and chemical properties
2) Physical propertiesare,
a) Calorificvalue or specific heat of combustion catnfic value Hah
b) Ignition temperature - Moderate
c) Flame Temperature
d) Flash temperature Cosbon roottrt appnpdad
e) Aniline Point Snire ash le s
f)Knocking - Use in internal engine s) micauy atforai
g) Specific Gravity
h) Cloud and Pour Point tornbusti er valae(Lod
i) Viscosity Easiy avalas
j) Coke Number
k)Moisture Content - Nil ) crofriendg
1) Volatille Matter - As low as possible
m) No ash matter
n) Easy risk free transportation o) Storage Space - Small p) Air requirement - Adequate
3) The chemical properties include the compositional analysis of fuels
a) For solid and liquid fuels:- Percentage of various elements such as C, H, 0, N, S
Percentage of moisture Percentage of volatile matter
b) For gaseous fuels Percentage of combustible gases - e.g. CO, H2, CH,
Percentage of
noncombustible gases -N, CO) etc.
" Comparison between solid, liquid & gaseous fuels
S. No. Property Solid Fuels Liquid Fuels Gaseous Fuels
Calorific Value Low Higher Highest
Specific Gravity Highest Medium Lowest
3 Ignition High Low Lowest
Temperature
4
Efficiency Poor Good Best
Air required for Large and excess Less excess of air Slight excess of
combustion of air air
6 Use in I.C. engine Cannot be used Already in use Can be used
7 Mode of supply Cannot be piped Can be piped Can be piped
8 Space of Storage 50% less than solid fuel Very high space
Large
9 Relative Cost
Cheaper Costly More costly than
other two
10 Care in storage and Less care required | Care is necessary Great Care
transport Required
2
