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Key components of addiction/dependence correct answers 1.Compulsion-Loss of control/choice.
2. Continued use despite adverse consequences
3. Cravings
4. Denial
Addiction correct answers A chronic disorder precipitated by a combination of genetic,
biological/pharmacological and social factors. Also characterized by compulsive, at time
uncontrollable drug cravings, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely negative
consequences.
Dependence correct answers Is usually accompanied by tolerance and withdrawal, also generally
associated with a wide range or social, legal, psychiatric, and medical problems
The Continuum of Alcohol and other Drug Use correct answers Use
Misuse
Abuse
Dependency
Stages of addiction correct answers 1. USE- The use of drugs or alcohol in a socially accepted or
medically sanctioned manner to modify or control mood
2. MISUSE -Taking drugs or alcohol in damaging quantities other than the prescribed dosage or
the use of illicit drugs
3. ABUSE- Is typified by the continued use of alcohol or other drugs in spite of negative
consequences.
4. DEPENDENCY- Is characterized by the repeated, compulsive seeking or use of substance
despite adverse social, psychological and or physical consequences.
Symptoms of the four Stages of Addiction correct answers 1. Use - lack of tolerance control the
use not yet interfering with lifestyle.
2. Misuse-Tolerance begin to develop - Use may still be controlled and the effect is anticipated.
3. Abuse - Preoccupied with mood swing - high tolerance - increase in frequency in use - solitary
use occurs -loss of control-lifestyle begins to change- black outs occur more frequent- violates
own value system-experiences many consequences - deterioration of relationships,work and
financial problems-denial grows
4. Chronic Dependency/Addiction- uses to feel normal and avoid pain. complete loss of control-
feels very alone- isolated
Reinforcers within the cycle of addiction correct answers Psychological aspects
Biological aspects
Social aspects
Psychological aspects - correct answers Substance fulfills multiple functions such as - enhance
sex,, enhance social situations, boost users sense of self worth, alleviate stress and tension and
relieve painful feelings. As the substance user becomes increasingly dependent on the
, drug/alcohol to fulfill unmet needs and compensate for deficits in coping skills their capacity to
manage life's problems diminishes. Confidence in regulating ones moods and self esteem are
lost.
Biological aspects correct answers Alcohol and other drugs significantly affect the
reward/pleasure centers. Addiction alters the pathways in the brain's pleasure centers, stealing the
brain's normal ability to experience pleasure. He loses his ability to experience pleasure from
normal life experiences creating the dependency on the drug to experience pleasure. It can
become a ceaseless craving for the drug.
Social aspects correct answers Due to the social networks woven between users, substances often
become a crucial part of one's identity. A cultural sense of bonding and belonging develop
around the substance and it's users. The substance serves as a social lubricant.
Theories of Causation correct answers The moral model
The disease model
The genetic model
The cultural model
The blended model
The Moral Model correct answers Addiction is the result of human weakness and are defects of
character
The Disease Model correct answers Addiction is an illness comes about as a result of the
impairment of healthy neuro-chemical or behavioral process This popular model is credited to
E.M. Jellinek
The Blended Model correct answers Considers elements of all other models and holds that the
mechanism of dependency is different for different individuals, and that each case must be
considered on its own merits.
The Genetic Model correct answers Posits a genetic predispostion to certain behaviors. There is
strong evidence that genetic predisposition is often a factor in dependency.
The Cultural Model correct answers Recognizes that the influence of culture is a strong
determinant of whether or not individuals fall prey to certain addictions. Ex- Saudi Arabians
prohibits alcohol use and alcoholism is rare them.
The Stages of Change correct answers Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintance
Precontemplation correct answers Not yet acknowledging that there is a problem behavior that
needs to be changed
Key components of addiction/dependence correct answers 1.Compulsion-Loss of control/choice.
2. Continued use despite adverse consequences
3. Cravings
4. Denial
Addiction correct answers A chronic disorder precipitated by a combination of genetic,
biological/pharmacological and social factors. Also characterized by compulsive, at time
uncontrollable drug cravings, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely negative
consequences.
Dependence correct answers Is usually accompanied by tolerance and withdrawal, also generally
associated with a wide range or social, legal, psychiatric, and medical problems
The Continuum of Alcohol and other Drug Use correct answers Use
Misuse
Abuse
Dependency
Stages of addiction correct answers 1. USE- The use of drugs or alcohol in a socially accepted or
medically sanctioned manner to modify or control mood
2. MISUSE -Taking drugs or alcohol in damaging quantities other than the prescribed dosage or
the use of illicit drugs
3. ABUSE- Is typified by the continued use of alcohol or other drugs in spite of negative
consequences.
4. DEPENDENCY- Is characterized by the repeated, compulsive seeking or use of substance
despite adverse social, psychological and or physical consequences.
Symptoms of the four Stages of Addiction correct answers 1. Use - lack of tolerance control the
use not yet interfering with lifestyle.
2. Misuse-Tolerance begin to develop - Use may still be controlled and the effect is anticipated.
3. Abuse - Preoccupied with mood swing - high tolerance - increase in frequency in use - solitary
use occurs -loss of control-lifestyle begins to change- black outs occur more frequent- violates
own value system-experiences many consequences - deterioration of relationships,work and
financial problems-denial grows
4. Chronic Dependency/Addiction- uses to feel normal and avoid pain. complete loss of control-
feels very alone- isolated
Reinforcers within the cycle of addiction correct answers Psychological aspects
Biological aspects
Social aspects
Psychological aspects - correct answers Substance fulfills multiple functions such as - enhance
sex,, enhance social situations, boost users sense of self worth, alleviate stress and tension and
relieve painful feelings. As the substance user becomes increasingly dependent on the
, drug/alcohol to fulfill unmet needs and compensate for deficits in coping skills their capacity to
manage life's problems diminishes. Confidence in regulating ones moods and self esteem are
lost.
Biological aspects correct answers Alcohol and other drugs significantly affect the
reward/pleasure centers. Addiction alters the pathways in the brain's pleasure centers, stealing the
brain's normal ability to experience pleasure. He loses his ability to experience pleasure from
normal life experiences creating the dependency on the drug to experience pleasure. It can
become a ceaseless craving for the drug.
Social aspects correct answers Due to the social networks woven between users, substances often
become a crucial part of one's identity. A cultural sense of bonding and belonging develop
around the substance and it's users. The substance serves as a social lubricant.
Theories of Causation correct answers The moral model
The disease model
The genetic model
The cultural model
The blended model
The Moral Model correct answers Addiction is the result of human weakness and are defects of
character
The Disease Model correct answers Addiction is an illness comes about as a result of the
impairment of healthy neuro-chemical or behavioral process This popular model is credited to
E.M. Jellinek
The Blended Model correct answers Considers elements of all other models and holds that the
mechanism of dependency is different for different individuals, and that each case must be
considered on its own merits.
The Genetic Model correct answers Posits a genetic predispostion to certain behaviors. There is
strong evidence that genetic predisposition is often a factor in dependency.
The Cultural Model correct answers Recognizes that the influence of culture is a strong
determinant of whether or not individuals fall prey to certain addictions. Ex- Saudi Arabians
prohibits alcohol use and alcoholism is rare them.
The Stages of Change correct answers Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintance
Precontemplation correct answers Not yet acknowledging that there is a problem behavior that
needs to be changed
