UF HUN2201 Vitamins & Minerals Study guide

Thiamin chemical form - - vitamin B1; thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) Niacin chemical form - NAD; nicotinic acid Vitamin B12 chemical form - methylcyanocobalamine Folate chemical form - Methyl tetrahydrafolate (Methyl-THF) Vitamin C chemical form - Ascorbic acid Vitamin A chemical form - retinol; retinoic acid (orange/red pigment) Vitamin D chemical form - ergocalciferol (plants); cholecalciferol (animals); calcidol (circulating form); calcitrol (active form) Vitamin E chemical form - Tocopherol Calcium chemical form - Supplemental forms: calcium citrate malate (CCM), calcium citrate, & calcium carbonate; Form of calcium in 90% of the body: calcium hydroxapatite Iron chemical form - Heme iron (animals); non-heme iron (plants) Thiamin function(s) - Coenzyme in energy yielding reactions such as glycolysis (glucose metabolism) Niacin function(s) - Coenzyme in citric acid cycle as electron carrier; NADH transports H+ ions to ETC; DNA repair Biotin function(s) - Fatty acid metabolism Folate function(s) - Homocysteine metabolism; methylation reactions; DNA/RNA synthesis; fetal development Vitamin C function(s) - Antioxidant (works closely with vitamin E by giving it an electron); iron metabolism (gives iron an electron to change it to Fe2+, ferrous state) Vitamin A function(s) - Transported in lipoproteins; needed for vision, immune system, & growth; antioxidant