LECTURE PRESENTATIONS
For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Chapter 5
The Structure and Function of
Large Biological Molecules
Lectures by
Erin Barley
Kathleen Fitzpatrick
1
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Overview: The Molecules of Life
• All living things are made up of four classes
of large biological molecules:
– carbohydrates,
– lipids,
– proteins, and
– nucleic acids
• Macromolecules
• are large molecules
• composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms
– Concept 2.3 ( for more information)
» A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of valence
electrons by two atoms
2
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Concept 5.1:
Macromolecules are polymers, built
from monomers
3
, • A polymer is
• a long molecule
• consisting of many similar building blocks
• These small building-block molecules are called
monomers
• Three of the four classes of lifeʼs organic
molecules are polymers
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Nucleic acids 4
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
,The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers
• Synthesis of polymer from monomers:
– By dehydration reaction
• when two monomers bond together ???
– through the loss of a water molecule
5
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Figure 5.2a
(a) Dehydration reaction: synthesizing a polymer
1 2 3
Short polymer Unlinked monomer
Dehydration removes
a water molecule,
forming a new bond.
1 2 3 4
Longer polymer
6
,• Breakdown of Polymers to monomers :
– By hydrolysis reaction
• the reverse of the dehydration reaction ??
– ----------------------------------------
7
,Figure 5.2b
(b) Hydrolysis: breaking down a polymer
1 2 3 4
Hydrolysis adds
a water molecule,
breaking a bond.
1 2 3
8
,The Diversity of Polymers
• Each cell has thousands of different
macromolecules
HO
• Macromolecules vary among
– cells of an organism,
– vary more within a species,
– and vary even more between species
• An immense variety of polymers can be built
from a small set of monomers
9
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Concept 5.2:
Carbohydrates serve as fuel and
building material
10
For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Chapter 5
The Structure and Function of
Large Biological Molecules
Lectures by
Erin Barley
Kathleen Fitzpatrick
1
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Overview: The Molecules of Life
• All living things are made up of four classes
of large biological molecules:
– carbohydrates,
– lipids,
– proteins, and
– nucleic acids
• Macromolecules
• are large molecules
• composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms
– Concept 2.3 ( for more information)
» A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of valence
electrons by two atoms
2
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Concept 5.1:
Macromolecules are polymers, built
from monomers
3
, • A polymer is
• a long molecule
• consisting of many similar building blocks
• These small building-block molecules are called
monomers
• Three of the four classes of lifeʼs organic
molecules are polymers
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Nucleic acids 4
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
,The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers
• Synthesis of polymer from monomers:
– By dehydration reaction
• when two monomers bond together ???
– through the loss of a water molecule
5
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Figure 5.2a
(a) Dehydration reaction: synthesizing a polymer
1 2 3
Short polymer Unlinked monomer
Dehydration removes
a water molecule,
forming a new bond.
1 2 3 4
Longer polymer
6
,• Breakdown of Polymers to monomers :
– By hydrolysis reaction
• the reverse of the dehydration reaction ??
– ----------------------------------------
7
,Figure 5.2b
(b) Hydrolysis: breaking down a polymer
1 2 3 4
Hydrolysis adds
a water molecule,
breaking a bond.
1 2 3
8
,The Diversity of Polymers
• Each cell has thousands of different
macromolecules
HO
• Macromolecules vary among
– cells of an organism,
– vary more within a species,
– and vary even more between species
• An immense variety of polymers can be built
from a small set of monomers
9
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Concept 5.2:
Carbohydrates serve as fuel and
building material
10
