Chamberlain BIOS 251 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Graded A 2024

What 4 ways do you examine the body? - Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation and Percussion Inspection - Seeing the body Palpation - to examine by touch Auscultation - Listening with a stethoscope Percussion - taking hands and beating over certain parts of body Medical Imaging - methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery, i.e. radiology Gross Anatomy - Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye Histology - the study of the microscopic structure of tissues Histopathology - microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease Cytology - study of structure and function of cells Ultrastructure - fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope Subdisciplines of Physiology - neurophysiology, endocrinology, pathophysiology Neurophysiology - physiology of the nervous system Endocrinology - study of hormones Pathophysiology - mechanisms of disease Hippocrates - Father of medicine Scientific Fact - information that can be independently verified Law of Nature - a generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave Theory - explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws and confirmed hypotheses Bipedalism - the ability to walk upright on two legs The Hierarchy of Complexity - Organ system-organs-tissues-cells-organelles-molecules-atoms situs invertus - heart is on the opposite side Organization - living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things Cellular Composition - living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells Metabolism - internal chemical reactions; the sum of all biochemical events that occur in the body Responsiveness - ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability) Movement - of organism and/or of substances within the organism Characteristics of life - organization, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, evolution Homeostasis - the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it and thereby maintain stable internal conditions Physiological Variation - Sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity, genetics and environment Feedback Loops - biological mechanisms where homeostasis is maintained