Summary Grade 10 Full Science Review (SNC2D)

SNC2D1 Review

Chemistry

Bohr Rutherford Diagrams
A model representing the arrangement of orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
Protons-->nucleus-->positive
Neutrons-->nucleus-->neutral
Electron-->orbits-->negative
The orbits want to have full outer shells
Rounded atomic mass-atomic number=neutrons
Atomic mass number=electrons in cases where electrons=protons
Diatomic Molecules
A molecule of the periodic table that naturally pairs with another of itself in the natural world.
I’ll Bring Clay For Our New House
I2 Br2 Cl2 F2 O2 N2 H2
Ion
A charged particle as a result of an atom gaining or losing an electron
They’re negative or positive or neutral
negative=gives positive=gains
Metal, non-metal, -ide
Periodic Table Ionic Charges
+1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1
Ionic, Polyatomic, and Molecular Compounds
Ionic Compound is a compound made of 1+ metal ion(cation) and one negative non-metal ion
(anion)
This is an ionic bond(strong connection of + and - ions in an ionic compound
Ionic bonds conduct electricity
Ends in -ide
#of ions(charge)+#of ions(charge)=0
X+#of ions(charge)=0
Polyatomic compound is a compound of 1+ atom acting as 1 ion
Crossdown-----> charge# charge# -----> X ------->=symbol# symbol# ____
Symbol symbol l
Ends in -ate (symbolsymbol#)#
Molecular compound is a compound of 2+ non-metal substances
Covalent bonds- 2+ non-metals share outer electrons to have full valence shells
Have mono di tri tetra penta hexa septa octa nona deca
Don't show mono on the first symbol
Law of Conservation of Mass
A statement that in any chemical reaction the total reactants equal total mass of the product




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, Balancing-creates a chemical equation where the left side equals the right side in
equivalent amounts of elements.
Word Equations
Left side[reactant]=Right side[product]
Written in words + is a separate chemical
——> is yields
Ionic bonds metal + non-metal=-ide
multitalented has roman numerals in brackets
Polyatomic metal + metal=-ate
Covalent non-metal + non-metal=mono di tri tetra penta hexa septa octa nona deca
Have subscript numbers for how many of each symbol and normal numbers for
balancing
Types of Chemical Reactions
Synthesis-A+B=AB two or more coming together
Decomposition-AB=A+B two or more breaking down
Single displacement-A+BC=AC+B One compound displaced another producing a new element
Double displacement-AB+CD=AD+CB two compounds displace another two producing a new
element
Combustion-Substance with oxygen to produce oxide and burning. After a reaction, you’ll see
carbon dioxide water and energy.
Acids and Bases
Acid-conducts electricity sour taste turns blue litmus paper red and neutralizes bases usually
H2X X=symbol
Base-aqueous(dissolved in water) conducting electricity turns red litmus paper blue
Ph Scale
Ph: a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
Ph Scale: numerical scale 0 to 14 comparing acidity of solutions
Neutral: not acidic or basic Ph of 7
Base=14 to 8
Acid=0 to 6
Neutralization Reactions
When an acid and base come together to neutralize to a Ph of 7
Used for chemical spills
two opposites
Acid + Base=Water + Salt
Multivalent
Copper Cu 1/2
Iron Fe 2/3
Lead Pb 2/4
Manganese Mn 2/4
Tin Sn 2/4




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