COSC 275 Final Exam Palmer Questions And Answers 100% Verified.

COSC 275 Final Exam Palmer Questions And Answers 100% Verified. Estimating - answerThe process of determining the anticipated cost of materials, labor, and equipment of a proposed project. Take-off - answerThe process in which detailed lists are compiled, based on drawings and specifications, of all the material and equipment necessary to construct a project. The cost estimator uses this list to calculate how much it will cost to build the project. Quantities - answerMeasured amounts of construction items expressed in their customary units. Quantification - answerIn estimating an activity to translate project scope information into resource quantities suitable for Quantity survey - answerA detailed analysis of material and equipment required to construct a project. Area - answerA measurement of a given planar region or of the surface of a solid. Area method - answerA construction cost estimating system employing unit square foot costs multiplied by the adjusted gross floor area of a building. Length - answerThe longest dimension of an object. Linear measurement - answerA unit or system of units for measuring length: 12" = 1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters, 1 mile = 5,280 feet. Dimension - answerA distance between two points, lines, or planes. Specifications - answerDocuments that define the qualitative requirements for products, materials, and workmanship upon which the contract for construction is based. Drawings - answerGraphic illustrations depicting the dimensions, design, and location of a project. Generally including plans, elevations, details, diagrams, schedules, and sections. Addendum - answerA document describing an addition, change, correction, or modification to contract documents. An addendum is issued by the design professional during the bidding period or prior to the award of contract, and is the primary method of informing bidders of modifications to the work during the bidding process. Addenda become part of the contract documents. Amendment - answerA modification of the contract by a subsequent agreement. This does not change the entire existing contract but does alter the terms of the affected provisions or requirements. Grade - answerThe surface or level of the ground. Level - answerA term used to describe any horizontal surface that has all points at the same elevation and thus does not tilt or slope. Site - answerThe location of a project geographically, usually defined by legal boundaries. Elevation - answerA vertical distance relative to a reference point. Cut and fill - answerAn operation commonly used in road building and other rock and earth- moving operations in which the material excavated and removed from one location is used as fill material at another location. Fill - answerThe soil or other material used to raise the grade of a site area. Foundation - answerThe entire masonry substructure below the first floor or frame of a building, including the footing upon which the building rests. Grade beam - answerA horizontal end-supported (as opposed to ground-supported) load- bearing foundation member that supports an exterior wall of a superstructure. Width - answerThe measurement or extent of something from side to side. Footing - answerThat portion of the foundation of a structure that spreads and transmits the load directly to the soil. Reinforced concrete - answerConcrete containing adequate reinforcement, prestressed or not prestressed, and designed on the assumption that the two materials (steel and concrete) act together in resisting forces. Reinforcing bar - answerA steel bar, usually with manufactured deformations, used in concrete and masonry construction to provide additional strength. Footing beam - answerA reinforced concrete beam connecting pile caps or spread footings to distribute horizontal loads caused by eccentric loading. Bolster - answerIn concrete, an individual or continuous support used to hold reinforcing bars in position. Usually used in slab work. Pan construction - answerA type of concrete floor or roof in which pan forms are used to create intersecting ribs and resulting in a waffle-like undersurface.