ASU bio 201 final exam Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions

12 - how many cranial nerves? 2 effects of dual innervation - Antagonistic effects oppose each other: pupillary dilator and constrictor muscle, heart slowed down or speeded up Cooperative effects seen when 2 division act on different effectors to produce a unified effect 3 routes of sympathetic innervation - Spinal nerve route: effectors in body wall are innervated by sympathetic fibers that exit a ganglion by the gray ramus and travel through spinal nerves Sympathetic route: effectors in head and thoracic cavity are innervated by fibers in specific sympathetic nerves that form a carotid plexus Splanchnic (visceral) nerve route: effectors in abdominal cavity are innervated by sympathetic fibers in splanchnic nerves that lead to 3 major collateral ganglia 31 - How many spinal nerves? 4 classes of macromolecules - lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids 4 main tissue types - Epithelial tissue CT Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Abdominal - abdomen abnormal coloration of skin - Cyanosis: blueness from lack of circulating oxygen Erythema: redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels Jaundice: yellowing due to excess of bilirubin in bloodBronzing: golden-brown color, Addison disease Pallor: paleness from lack of blood flow Albinism: lack of melanin Hematoma: bruise (clotted blood) Hemangiomas: discolored skin caused by benign tumors, birthmarks acetylcholine - the synaptic knob contains synaptic vesicles filled with ACh Acromial - shoulder Adipose tissue - large, empty looking cells, nucleus pressed against cell membrane -energy storage, insulation, space filled as cushioning amygdala - center for emotion and emotional memory Anatomical position - person stands erect w/ feet flat on floor and arms at sides. Palms, eyes, and face forward ANS - Autonomic nervous system, also the visceral motor division antagonist - opposes the prime mover, relaxes to give prime mover control over an action, prevents excessive movement and injury triceps brachii in arm flexion Antebrachial - forearm Appendicular - upper and lower limbsAreolar tissue - underlying all epithelia forming passageway for nerves and blood vessels; fascia between muscles ATP use - ATP depends on availability of oxygen and organic energy sources Anaerobic fermentation: yields little ATP w/out oxygen Aerobic respiration: needs a continual supply of oxygen and produces a lot of ATP Axial - head, neck, and trunk (thoracic and abdominal) Axillary - armpit Basal Bodies - Body cavities - dorsal: cranial and vertebral ventral: thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity