NUR 612 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 100% PASS GUARANTEED WITH DETAILED SOLUTIONS & APPROVED 2024

us is not separated ▪ Epidemiology: the study of factors, events, and circumstances that influence the transmission of infectious diseases among humans ▪ Incidence: the number of new cases of an infectious disease that occur within a defined population ▪ Prevalence: the number of active cases at any given time ▪ Endemic disease: found in a particular geographic region ▪ The incidence and prevalence are expected and relatively stable. ▪ Epidemic: Abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease over endemic rates ▪ Pandemic: Spread of disease beyond continental boundaries ▪ Portal of Entry: ▪ Penetration (Bites) ▪ Direct contact (STD, Mother to child) ▪ Ingestion ▪ Inhalation (Pneumonia, measles) ▪ Source of an Infection Disease: Know: Who, What, When of the disease transmission. ▪ Nosocomial: develop in hospitalized patients ▪ Community acquired: acquired outside of health care facilities ▪ Host ▪ An object or substance from which the infectious agent was acquired ▪ May be endogenous or exogenous ▪ Endogenous ex: HIV ▪ Exogenous: Water, Soil, Air ▪ Disease course in infection: ▪ Incubation period: Pathogen begin to actively replicate. No s/s for 24hrs or 180 days depending on the infection ▪ Prodromal Stage: Initial stage when you have s/s malaise or fever ▪ Acute Stage: Max impact of the infection (proliferation cell lysis, tissue damage. ▪ Convalescent stage: Containment (Tissue repair) progressively eliminating pathogen ▪ Resolution stage: total elimination Categories of Virulence Factors: ▪ Toxins: Alters or destroy normal host functions ▪ Endotoxins: ▪ Exotoxins: Think Botox (decrease the release of certain neurotransmitters causing flaccid paralysis) ▪ ▪ Adhesion factor: ▪ Evasive factors: ▪ Invasive factors