PAS 251F Pediatric Infectious Disease

TORCH see picture Toxoplasmosis - Intracellular protozoan parasite - Cats are a reservoir - infective cysts passed in stool - Most human infections are asymptomatic and remain latent unless immune compromise occurs - Pregnancy women may be exposed through cat litter or undercooked meat - infection during pregnancy can lead to trans placental infection of infant - proliferation of organism in brain, muscles, and heart - Pregnant woman typically will not have any symptoms during the pregnancy, but may develop lymphadenopathy - Infection in 1st 6mo of gestation leads to congenital malformations Parvovirus B19 - Causes erythema infectious (EI), also known as fifth disease - Common childhood illness characterized by a slapped cheek appearance on the face and a lace like erythematous rash on the trunk and extremities - Children and adults may experience one to four days of systemic symptoms prior to the appearance of a rash - Arthropathy affecting the joints of the hands, wrists, knees, and ankles may occur (most commonly in adults) and lasts one to two weeks Varicella Zoster Virus - Highly contagious w attack rate of 90% of exposed unvaccinated adults - Onset up to 14d after exposure w prodrome of fever, malaise, pharyngitis, and loss of appetite - Successive crops of pruritic vesicles - Self limiting in healthy children - High risk groups can be treated w antivirals - Rare complications include skin and soft tissue infections, encephalitis, pneumonia, and hepatitis - Vaccine contraindicated during pregnancy (live virus)