ATI PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTERS 1 – 6 EXAM FULLY
SOLVED AND VERIFIED #20
What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics - correct answer Absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
Which type of meds takes long to be absorbed? - correct answer oral and
intradermal/topical
Which type of meds get quickly absorbed? - correct answer sublingual and inhaled
Which type of medication gets absorbed immediately? - correct answer IV meds
What should you teach p/t taking a sublingual medication? - correct answer wait for the
med to be completely dissolved before eating and drinking
How does distribution occur? - correct answer through the use of binding proteins like
albumin
Two common side effects of all medications: - correct answer GI upset, headache
What is important to note about herbs starting with "G" - correct answer they increase
the p/t risk for bleeding
What is important to note about medications ending in "MAB" or "MIB" - correct answer
they're immunosuppressants and increase p/t risk for infection
How does metabolism occur? - correct answer meds get broken down to their less
active form by enzymes
Where does metabolism primarily occur? - correct answer the liver
Why are babies and older p/t at an increased risk of medication toxicity - correct answer
they both have impaired metabolism
Describe the First Pass Effect - correct answer some meds get inactivated when they
pass through the liver the first time so you may need to increase the dose to reach a
therapeutic effect
Describe excretion - correct answer when meds get filtered out through the kidneys
Describe the relationship between impaired kidney function and toxicity - correct answer
p/t can adequately metabolize or excrete meds so they are at higher risk
What needs to be done for medications with a low therapeutic index? - correct answer
peak and trough
, Example of one med that needs a peak and trough - correct answer vancomycin
What two characteristics of meds out a p/t at risk for toxicity? - correct answer low
therapeutic index and long half life
Agonist = - correct answer enhances
Antagonist = - correct answer blocks
What do you want to teach a p/t taking an oral medication? - correct answer don't mix
with a lot of food, chin to chest, sit up
What needs to be done for transdermal medication? - correct answer wash skin with
soap and water first, remove old patch, rotate sites, choose hairless site
What needs to be done for eye drop administration? - correct answer use surgical
aseptic technique, drop in the center of the conjunctival sac, apply gentle pressure at
lacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds
What needs to be done for ear drop administration? - correct answer tile head or lay on
unaffected side, pull up and out for adults, pull down and back for children
What needs to be done for NG/G tube meds? - correct answer Flush before and after w/
15 ml sterile water, flush again after all meds have been given
What needs to be done for suppository meds? - correct answer position p/t on their left
side, insert just past the anal sphincter
How long should a p/t keep a suppository in for a bowel movement? - correct answer
20-30 minutes
How long should a p/t keep a suppository in for systemic absorption? - correct answer
60 minutes
Proper use of a Metered dose inhaler (MDI) - correct answer SHAKE inhaler 5/6x, press
inhaler, take a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale
Proper use of a Dry powder inhaler (DPI) - correct answer AVOID shaking inhaler, press
inhaler, take a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale
Where are IM injections given to a p/t less than 2 years old? - correct answer vastus
lateralis
Where can IM injections be given to a p/t greater than 2 years old? - correct answer
vastus lateralis, ventral gluteal site, deltoid
SOLVED AND VERIFIED #20
What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics - correct answer Absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
Which type of meds takes long to be absorbed? - correct answer oral and
intradermal/topical
Which type of meds get quickly absorbed? - correct answer sublingual and inhaled
Which type of medication gets absorbed immediately? - correct answer IV meds
What should you teach p/t taking a sublingual medication? - correct answer wait for the
med to be completely dissolved before eating and drinking
How does distribution occur? - correct answer through the use of binding proteins like
albumin
Two common side effects of all medications: - correct answer GI upset, headache
What is important to note about herbs starting with "G" - correct answer they increase
the p/t risk for bleeding
What is important to note about medications ending in "MAB" or "MIB" - correct answer
they're immunosuppressants and increase p/t risk for infection
How does metabolism occur? - correct answer meds get broken down to their less
active form by enzymes
Where does metabolism primarily occur? - correct answer the liver
Why are babies and older p/t at an increased risk of medication toxicity - correct answer
they both have impaired metabolism
Describe the First Pass Effect - correct answer some meds get inactivated when they
pass through the liver the first time so you may need to increase the dose to reach a
therapeutic effect
Describe excretion - correct answer when meds get filtered out through the kidneys
Describe the relationship between impaired kidney function and toxicity - correct answer
p/t can adequately metabolize or excrete meds so they are at higher risk
What needs to be done for medications with a low therapeutic index? - correct answer
peak and trough
, Example of one med that needs a peak and trough - correct answer vancomycin
What two characteristics of meds out a p/t at risk for toxicity? - correct answer low
therapeutic index and long half life
Agonist = - correct answer enhances
Antagonist = - correct answer blocks
What do you want to teach a p/t taking an oral medication? - correct answer don't mix
with a lot of food, chin to chest, sit up
What needs to be done for transdermal medication? - correct answer wash skin with
soap and water first, remove old patch, rotate sites, choose hairless site
What needs to be done for eye drop administration? - correct answer use surgical
aseptic technique, drop in the center of the conjunctival sac, apply gentle pressure at
lacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds
What needs to be done for ear drop administration? - correct answer tile head or lay on
unaffected side, pull up and out for adults, pull down and back for children
What needs to be done for NG/G tube meds? - correct answer Flush before and after w/
15 ml sterile water, flush again after all meds have been given
What needs to be done for suppository meds? - correct answer position p/t on their left
side, insert just past the anal sphincter
How long should a p/t keep a suppository in for a bowel movement? - correct answer
20-30 minutes
How long should a p/t keep a suppository in for systemic absorption? - correct answer
60 minutes
Proper use of a Metered dose inhaler (MDI) - correct answer SHAKE inhaler 5/6x, press
inhaler, take a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale
Proper use of a Dry powder inhaler (DPI) - correct answer AVOID shaking inhaler, press
inhaler, take a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale
Where are IM injections given to a p/t less than 2 years old? - correct answer vastus
lateralis
Where can IM injections be given to a p/t greater than 2 years old? - correct answer
vastus lateralis, ventral gluteal site, deltoid
