BIO 120 Midterm USASK (lecture 1-5) Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

Active transport - sodium/potassium pump, movement on ions or molecules into region of higher concentration aerobic bacteria - mitochondria are said to be descended from all living organisms contain _____ that is made of ________ - genetic material; DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) anucleated cells - red blood cells asexual reproduction - - one parent, no fusion of gametes - offspring are all genetically identical Autotrophs - organisms retain energy (self) bacterial hair like pili - attach the cell to surfaces or other cells Biology - the study of life carbohydrate metabolism - - glycogenolysis occur in the smooth ER - smooth ER contains glucose-6-phosphate which is converted to glucose and Pi Carl von Linne - father of modern taxonomy (modern naming system) cell metabolic demands - - fuel from complex nutrients - elimination of waste productscell theory - idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells cell walls - - support individual cells - consist of cellulose fibers cells cannot increase in size beyond certain limits because: - - speed of diffusion - surface area/volume ratio cells synthesize - proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids cells: simple logistics - specialized cells are easier to replace without disruption of a function central vacuoles - - large vesicles that perform specialized functions unique to plants - surrounded by the tonoplast characteristics of life - - display order and have complex energy - harness and utilize energy - respond to stimuli chromosomes - multiple long linear DNA molecules complex with proteins cisternae - stack of flattened membranous sacs contrast - how different one structure looks from another --> enhanced by dyes cyanobacteria - - only prokaryotes able to produce oxygen- only prokaryote with internal membranes (thylakoids) cyanobacteria - chloroplasts are said to be descended from cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells - gel like complex mixture of cytoskeleton filments, dissolved molecules and water enclosed within the cell membrane and organelles