SPLH 620 Exam #3
motor cortex - ANS-controls voluntary movements
primary motor cortex - ANS--receives sensory input from the cerebellum via. thalamus
-sends info. to the spinal cord & brainstem
-sends info to corticospinal or corticobulbar tract
premotor cortex - ANS-The region controlling learned motor skills.
-receives input from posterior parietal & visual cortexes
lesions in premotor cortex - ANS-cause an inability to perform purposeful coordinated
actions without a presence of weakness
supplementary motor cortex - ANS-programming of complex movements
-most output goes through M1 (primary motor cortex)
-receives input from association areas of parietal & temporal cortex's
pyramidal system - ANS-the system responsible for controlling voluntary motor
movements (fine controlled, skilled, rapid, etc.)
extrapyramidal system - ANS-controls the postural support for fine motor movement
(involuntary)
-source of input to LMS's via multiple synapses
-smaller, short, "local" circuits
corticospinal tract - ANS-cerebral cortex to the spinal cord
UMN of corticospinal tract... - ANS--"first" order neurons
-cerebral cortex to spinal cord
-descend through internal capsule
-decussate @ medulla (brainstem)
-synapse in anterior horn of the spinal cord
LMN of corticospinal tract - ANS--"second" order neurons
-cell body of anterior horn synapses with muscle fibers = motor unit
, corticobulbar tract - ANS-Controls all voluntary movement for speech production.
Descends from motor cortex through internal capsule but terminates at cranial nerves.
-cerebral cortex to brainstem
UMN of corticobulbar tract - ANS--"first" order neurons
-cerebral cortex ---> brainstem
-descend down through the internal capsule
-synapse on cranial nerve nuclei (CN nuclei)
LMN of corticobulbar tract - ANS--"second" order neurons
-cell body in CN nuclei synapse with muscle fibers = motor unit
pyramidal system includes: - ANS--motor cortical areas -primary motor cortex, premotor
cortex, supplementary motor cortex
-corticospinal tract
-corticobulbar tract
extrapyramidal system includes: - ANS--basal ganglia
-cerebellum
-brainstem
Brainstem functions as a motor conduit for: - ANS--corticospinal tract
brainstem integrates info... - ANS--reticular formation
-complex motor patterns, aspects of respiratory & cardiovascular activity,
consciousness, etc.
reticular formation (RF) - ANS-a network within the medulla and brainstem; associated
with attention, alertness, and some reflexes
-modulates transmission of info. in pain pathways
-autonomic reflex circuity: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
-control of arousal & consciousness
central pattern generators - ANS-circuits of neurons that generate routine, rhythmic
movements and are controlled entirely by the spine with no input from the brain
-locomotion
-respiration
-swallowing
dorsal root = - ANS-sensory
motor cortex - ANS-controls voluntary movements
primary motor cortex - ANS--receives sensory input from the cerebellum via. thalamus
-sends info. to the spinal cord & brainstem
-sends info to corticospinal or corticobulbar tract
premotor cortex - ANS-The region controlling learned motor skills.
-receives input from posterior parietal & visual cortexes
lesions in premotor cortex - ANS-cause an inability to perform purposeful coordinated
actions without a presence of weakness
supplementary motor cortex - ANS-programming of complex movements
-most output goes through M1 (primary motor cortex)
-receives input from association areas of parietal & temporal cortex's
pyramidal system - ANS-the system responsible for controlling voluntary motor
movements (fine controlled, skilled, rapid, etc.)
extrapyramidal system - ANS-controls the postural support for fine motor movement
(involuntary)
-source of input to LMS's via multiple synapses
-smaller, short, "local" circuits
corticospinal tract - ANS-cerebral cortex to the spinal cord
UMN of corticospinal tract... - ANS--"first" order neurons
-cerebral cortex to spinal cord
-descend through internal capsule
-decussate @ medulla (brainstem)
-synapse in anterior horn of the spinal cord
LMN of corticospinal tract - ANS--"second" order neurons
-cell body of anterior horn synapses with muscle fibers = motor unit
, corticobulbar tract - ANS-Controls all voluntary movement for speech production.
Descends from motor cortex through internal capsule but terminates at cranial nerves.
-cerebral cortex to brainstem
UMN of corticobulbar tract - ANS--"first" order neurons
-cerebral cortex ---> brainstem
-descend down through the internal capsule
-synapse on cranial nerve nuclei (CN nuclei)
LMN of corticobulbar tract - ANS--"second" order neurons
-cell body in CN nuclei synapse with muscle fibers = motor unit
pyramidal system includes: - ANS--motor cortical areas -primary motor cortex, premotor
cortex, supplementary motor cortex
-corticospinal tract
-corticobulbar tract
extrapyramidal system includes: - ANS--basal ganglia
-cerebellum
-brainstem
Brainstem functions as a motor conduit for: - ANS--corticospinal tract
brainstem integrates info... - ANS--reticular formation
-complex motor patterns, aspects of respiratory & cardiovascular activity,
consciousness, etc.
reticular formation (RF) - ANS-a network within the medulla and brainstem; associated
with attention, alertness, and some reflexes
-modulates transmission of info. in pain pathways
-autonomic reflex circuity: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
-control of arousal & consciousness
central pattern generators - ANS-circuits of neurons that generate routine, rhythmic
movements and are controlled entirely by the spine with no input from the brain
-locomotion
-respiration
-swallowing
dorsal root = - ANS-sensory
