Summary of 6th chapter from Chemical Principles: Zumdahl and Decoste. Notes containing key concepts from the chapter and thorough explanations of the terminology. Also includes formulas and relevant course-related information.
Chemical equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium is the state at which the concentrations of all reactants and products
remain constant with time.
6.1 Equilibrium condition
No net change in the concentrations of the products or reactants.
Increasing the concentration of products causes the reaction to go backwards,
producing more reactants.
The equilibrium position is determined by the concentration of reactants/products,
relative energies of reactants/products, and the “relative degree of organization” of
reactants and products.
Nature tries to achieve minimum energy and maximum disorder.
The rates of reaction also come into play as some reaction may appear to be in
equilibrium but simply take more time to react. (Example: Haber process)
6.2 Equilibrium constant
Law of mass action:
- jA + kB lC + mD
- Equilibrium expression:
C l Dm
K= j k
A B
- K constant is known as Equilibrium Constant
- Guldberg and Waage found this relationship through empirical scientific
observations.
Characteristics of equilibrium expression:
- The equilibrium equation for a reaction written in reverse is the reciprocal of the
original equilibrium expression.
- When the balanced equation for a reaction is multiplied by a factor “n”, the
equilibrium equation for the new reaction is the original expression raised to the
“n”th power. Thus Knew = (Koriginal)n
- The apparent units for K are determined by the powers of the various
concentration terms. The apparent units for K therefore depend on the reaction
being considered.
The equilibrium constant stays the same for a reaction at a certain temperature,
independent of the number of moles being added.
Equilibrium concentration =/= Equilibrium constant.
Equilibrium position is the equilibrium constant of a reaction at a specific
temperature.
6.3 Equilibrium expressions involving pressure
Los beneficios de comprar resúmenes en Stuvia estan en línea:
Garantiza la calidad de los comentarios
Compradores de Stuvia evaluaron más de 700.000 resúmenes. Así estas seguro que compras los mejores documentos!
Compra fácil y rápido
Puedes pagar rápidamente y en una vez con iDeal, tarjeta de crédito o con tu crédito de Stuvia. Sin tener que hacerte miembro.
Enfócate en lo más importante
Tus compañeros escriben los resúmenes. Por eso tienes la seguridad que tienes un resumen actual y confiable.
Así llegas a la conclusión rapidamente!
Preguntas frecuentes
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
100% de satisfacción garantizada: ¿Cómo funciona?
Nuestra garantía de satisfacción le asegura que siempre encontrará un documento de estudio a tu medida. Tu rellenas un formulario y nuestro equipo de atención al cliente se encarga del resto.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller robertsapiola. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for $4.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.