Patho HESI Review - Cardiac Exam Questions With Correct Answers

Dysrhythmias - ANSWER-Tachycardia, bradycardia A-Fib V-Fib and V-Tach Atrial fibrillation - ANSWER-Atria quiver, ventricular rate is usually very high V-Fib - ANSWER-Completely erratic rhythm with no identifiable waves; *fatal* V-Tach - ANSWER-Can be lethal, depends on the rate Primary hypertension - ANSWER-Also known as essential hypertension Anything over 120 systolic is considered hypertension Two stages Stage 1 Primary Hypertension - ANSWER-Systolic between 130 and 139 mmHg or diastolic between 80 and 89 mmHg Stage 2 Primary Hypertension - ANSWER-Systolic at least 140 mmHg or diastolic at least 90 mmHg Elevated Primary Hypertension - ANSWER-Systolic between 120 and 129 mmHg and diastolic less than 80 mmHg Hypertensive crisis - ANSWER-Systolic over 180 mmHg and/or diastolic over 120 mmHg Secondary hypertension - ANSWER-The result of another disease process, such as kidney disease, sleep apnea, tumors of the adrenal gland - Fix the HTN, then the cause Malignant hypertension - ANSWER-Diastolic greater than 140 mmHg Rapidly progresses, causes many complications, such as encephalopathy, papilledema, cardiac failure, uremia, retinopathy, cerebrovascular accident Uncontrolled hypertension - ANSWER-· Can lead to stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and blindness. · Risk factors: Male, African American, obesity, age, stress, high Na diet, alcohol S/S of Congenital Heart Defects - ANSWER-Tachycardia, tachypnea, cyanosis, pallor, delayed growth, clubbing, squatting position