INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE #14
Poverty - correct answer can be defined as a condition of deprivation due to economic
circumstances that is severe enough that
The individual in this condition cannot live with dignity in his or her society.
Absolute poverty - correct answer the point at which a household's income falls below
the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members
Relative poverty - correct answer poverty defined according to the living standards of
the majority in any given society
Social structure explanations - correct answer the argument that poor people adopt
certain practices that differ from those of middle-class, "mainstream" society in order to
adapt and survive in difficult economic circumstances
Examples- under the table work, illegal work, ect.
Religion - correct answer A system of beliefs shared by a group with objects for
devotion, rituals for worship and a code of ethics
Sacred - correct answer describes holy things
Profane - correct answer describes ordinary, mundane things of everyday life
Sacred canopy - correct answer Peter Berger's term to describe the entire set of
religious norms, symbols, and beliefs that express the most important thing in life-
namely, the feeling that life is worth living and that reality is meaningful and ordered, not
just random chaos
Associational involvement - correct answer refers to the frequency of church attendance
Communal involvement - correct answer how much of your primary group interactions
are restricted to followers of your own faith
Churches - correct answer large bodies of people belonging to an established religious
organization
Sects - correct answer religious movements that break away from orthodoxy
-more radical
Cults - correct answer fragmentary religious groupings to which individuals are loosely
affiliated but that lack any permanent structure
, Karl Marx on religion - correct answer Religion is a means of social stratification.
Religion drugs the masses into submission, keeping them quiet as they labor. Faith
keeps downtrodden in their places
-he sees religion as pasifing them
Durkheim on religion - correct answer A religion is a unified system of beliefs and
practices relative to sacred things, i.e., things set apart and forbidden--beliefs and
practices which unite in one single moral community called a Church, all those who
adhere to them.
- bonds people and brings them together to strengthening them
Weber on religion - correct answer protestant ethic responsible for capitalism
- the people weren't spending their money they were reinvesting it into their community
- " spirt of capitalism" - working hard but not actually enjoying the money
Secularism - correct answer is a process of decline in the influence in religion in society.
State - correct answer according to Max Weber, is "a human community that
(successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in a given
territory."
Power - correct answer is the ability to carry out one's will despite resistance.
Authority - correct answer is the justifiable right to exercise power.
Charismatic authority - correct answer based on the personal appeal of an individual
leader
Traditional authority - correct answer based on appeals to the past or a long established
way of doing things
Legal-rational authority - correct answer authority based on legal, impersonal rules that
have been routinized and rationalized
Bureaucracy - correct answer is a legal-rational organization or mode of administration
that governs with reference to rules and
Roles.
Coercion - correct answer use of force to get someone to obey
First dimension of power - correct answer Visible when different agendas clash, conflict
results, and one side prevails
Poverty - correct answer can be defined as a condition of deprivation due to economic
circumstances that is severe enough that
The individual in this condition cannot live with dignity in his or her society.
Absolute poverty - correct answer the point at which a household's income falls below
the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members
Relative poverty - correct answer poverty defined according to the living standards of
the majority in any given society
Social structure explanations - correct answer the argument that poor people adopt
certain practices that differ from those of middle-class, "mainstream" society in order to
adapt and survive in difficult economic circumstances
Examples- under the table work, illegal work, ect.
Religion - correct answer A system of beliefs shared by a group with objects for
devotion, rituals for worship and a code of ethics
Sacred - correct answer describes holy things
Profane - correct answer describes ordinary, mundane things of everyday life
Sacred canopy - correct answer Peter Berger's term to describe the entire set of
religious norms, symbols, and beliefs that express the most important thing in life-
namely, the feeling that life is worth living and that reality is meaningful and ordered, not
just random chaos
Associational involvement - correct answer refers to the frequency of church attendance
Communal involvement - correct answer how much of your primary group interactions
are restricted to followers of your own faith
Churches - correct answer large bodies of people belonging to an established religious
organization
Sects - correct answer religious movements that break away from orthodoxy
-more radical
Cults - correct answer fragmentary religious groupings to which individuals are loosely
affiliated but that lack any permanent structure
, Karl Marx on religion - correct answer Religion is a means of social stratification.
Religion drugs the masses into submission, keeping them quiet as they labor. Faith
keeps downtrodden in their places
-he sees religion as pasifing them
Durkheim on religion - correct answer A religion is a unified system of beliefs and
practices relative to sacred things, i.e., things set apart and forbidden--beliefs and
practices which unite in one single moral community called a Church, all those who
adhere to them.
- bonds people and brings them together to strengthening them
Weber on religion - correct answer protestant ethic responsible for capitalism
- the people weren't spending their money they were reinvesting it into their community
- " spirt of capitalism" - working hard but not actually enjoying the money
Secularism - correct answer is a process of decline in the influence in religion in society.
State - correct answer according to Max Weber, is "a human community that
(successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in a given
territory."
Power - correct answer is the ability to carry out one's will despite resistance.
Authority - correct answer is the justifiable right to exercise power.
Charismatic authority - correct answer based on the personal appeal of an individual
leader
Traditional authority - correct answer based on appeals to the past or a long established
way of doing things
Legal-rational authority - correct answer authority based on legal, impersonal rules that
have been routinized and rationalized
Bureaucracy - correct answer is a legal-rational organization or mode of administration
that governs with reference to rules and
Roles.
Coercion - correct answer use of force to get someone to obey
First dimension of power - correct answer Visible when different agendas clash, conflict
results, and one side prevails
