Functionalism
Key Terms
Durkheim
Mechanical solidarity
Socialization by
families + religious leaders
Social control
Conformity
Organic Solidarity
Geographical
mobility
Survival + lifestyle of
division of labor
Reliance on
workforce
Social consensus+ social
integration
Achieved status + Self-
interest
Amonie
Social changes
Social solidarity
Boundary maintenance
Davis
Safety valve
Cohen
Warning sign
Merton
American Dream
Conformity
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
o DURKHEIM
Crime = caused by the way society is structured + results of society
changes
Mechanical solidarity
Pre-industrial society
Sense of belongings to society = strong
Successfully socialised into social norms & values by
families & religious leaders
Community > individual
Conformity = strengthened by the social control( I.e.
harsh punishment)
Organic solidarity
, Industrial society
Mutual dependence comes from reliance on workforce
Dependent on survival & lifestyleon division of labor
Families & religion no longer create social solidarity
Value consensus & social integration = weaken
Achieved status — encourages self-interests /
individualistic
Less obligations
o Leads to anomie (normlessness)
Rules that control ppl. Behaviours = weaker
Ppl.= more likely to challenge social norms & values = crime/ deviance
o DAVIS
o COHEN
o HIRSCHI
Strain Theory
o MERTON
Labelling Theory
Marxism
o Capitalism = criminogenic
Key Terms
Gor
don
Rati
onal
response
Ansl
ey
Alie
nation
Expl
oitation
Key Terms
Durkheim
Mechanical solidarity
Socialization by
families + religious leaders
Social control
Conformity
Organic Solidarity
Geographical
mobility
Survival + lifestyle of
division of labor
Reliance on
workforce
Social consensus+ social
integration
Achieved status + Self-
interest
Amonie
Social changes
Social solidarity
Boundary maintenance
Davis
Safety valve
Cohen
Warning sign
Merton
American Dream
Conformity
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
o DURKHEIM
Crime = caused by the way society is structured + results of society
changes
Mechanical solidarity
Pre-industrial society
Sense of belongings to society = strong
Successfully socialised into social norms & values by
families & religious leaders
Community > individual
Conformity = strengthened by the social control( I.e.
harsh punishment)
Organic solidarity
, Industrial society
Mutual dependence comes from reliance on workforce
Dependent on survival & lifestyleon division of labor
Families & religion no longer create social solidarity
Value consensus & social integration = weaken
Achieved status — encourages self-interests /
individualistic
Less obligations
o Leads to anomie (normlessness)
Rules that control ppl. Behaviours = weaker
Ppl.= more likely to challenge social norms & values = crime/ deviance
o DAVIS
o COHEN
o HIRSCHI
Strain Theory
o MERTON
Labelling Theory
Marxism
o Capitalism = criminogenic
Key Terms
Gor
don
Rati
onal
response
Ansl
ey
Alie
nation
Expl
oitation
