Kinesiology Practice Test with Complete Solutions.docx

Kinesiology Practice Test with Complete S Proximal - Closer to the midline of the body Distal - Farther away from the midline of the body Superficial - Closer to the surface Deep - Closer to the incide center of the body medial - Towards the center Lateral - towards the outer sides anterior - front Posterior - behind or back Supine - laying horizontally on the back with the face looking at the ceiling Prone - laying on the stomach face down Linea Alba - The tendon that seperates the abdominal sides into left and right. Also referenced as the midline of the body. Anatomical position - Standing errect with feet flat on the floor and palms facing forward Fundimental Position - Standing errect with feet flat on the floor and palms facing the sides of the body Superior - towards the head or above inferior - towards the feet or below Cranial - towards the skull Caudal - towards the tail bone Supra - above infra - below longus - long Brevis - Short Sagital Plane - Goes throught the midline and cuts the body into right and left Frontal Plane - Passes throught the body horizontally and cuts the body into front and back Transverse Plane - Cuts the body into top and bottom Frontal Axis - Moves with the sagittal plane. EX. hip flexion Sagittal Axis - Moves with the frontal plane EX. Arm abduction Vertical Axis - Moves with the transverse plane and goes through the body from top to bottom. EX. shaking head "no" Smooth muscle - stricktly involuntart actions. Non striated Cardiac Muscle - Only found in the heart. Involuntary and striated. Skelital muscle - Voluntary and arranged in long rod like bundles that are striated. Epimysium - Outermost muscle tissue covering. It is dense and holds the muscle in place and continues onto the tendon. Fasciculi - AKA muscle fibers Perimysium - Covers muscle fiber bundles or fasciculus Endomysium - Covers each individual muscle fiber Muscle fiber - A bundles of cells of the muscle that stretches the entire length of the muscle. Myofibrils - Individual muscle cells that are found in bundles called muscle fibers. Contain actin and myosin. Sarcolemma - Cell wall of the muscle fiber where the moter neuron conects Macroscopic Levels of muscle - Fascia, epimysium, Perimysium, fascicle, endomysium, muscle fiber Microscopic levels of muscle - Sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, myofibrils, sarcomere, myofilaments sarcoplasm - gel-like substance surronding each myofibril and provides nurishment Sacromere - Functional unit of the muscle. Contains actin and myosin Nuromuscular junction - Sends the impulse to the sarcolemma Gate Keepers of muscle contractions - Troponin complex, Trop myasin Myosin - Body- heavy chain, holds and stabailizes. Head- Light chain, ATP Sliding Filement Theory - Made in the 1950's by Hubert Huxley. The idea that actin slides across myosin to make the muscle contract. How a muscle contracts - Action potential travels down the moter nuron. In the motor end plate the action potential meets up with calcium and turns to acetylcholine. They pass through the basil lamina and across the synaptic cleft. Ach and CA remove the gate keepers troponin and tropomysin and allow actin to pass across myosin with ATP that is broken down to ADP