H8: Wakefulness and sleep
8.1 Rhythms of waking and sleeping
Multiple choice questions
1. What distinguishes endogenous circannual rhythm from endogenous
circadian rhythm?
A. Tells around what time of year it is
B. Tells around what time of day it is
C. Regulates sleep and wakefulness
D. Activates chemical breakdown of TIM protein
2. What is a zeitgeber?
A. Protein responsible for PER and TIM synthesis
B. Internal clock for marine animals
C. Stimulus that resets circadian rhythm
D. Chemical found in sponges
3. What is the primary zeitgeber for land animals?
A. Exercise
B. Temperature of the environment
C. Light
D. Meals
4. What characterizes jet lag?
A. Disruption of circannual rhythms
B. Staying awake later and awakening later
C. Going to bed and awakening earlier
D. Memory enhancements
5. Which structure in the hypothalamus is the main driver of rhythms for
sleep and body temperature?
A. Locus coeruleus
B. Reticular formation
C. Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
D. Basal forebrain
6. What is the function of melatonin?
A. Enhancing memory
B. Regulating sleep and wakefulness
C. Controlling body temperature
D. Stimulating appetite
7. What effect does light exposure have on the circadian rhythm?
A. Delays the circadian rhythm
B. Advances the circadian rhythm
C. Has no effect on the circadian rhythm
D. Disrupts the production of melatonin
, 8. How do individuals with phase-delay experience jet lag?
A. Staying awake later and awakening later
B. Going to bed and awakening earlier
C. Memory enhancements
D. Disruption of circadian rhythms
9. Which genes are responsible for producing circadian rhythms?
A. Period and timeless
B. Orexin and histamine
C. Acetylcholine and adenosine
D. Dopamine and norepinephrine
10. What effect does prolonged sleep apnea have on the brain?
A. Decreased memory impairments
B. Increased volume of the hippocampus
C. Loss of neurons
D. Enhanced cognitive function
Open questions
1. How does the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulate circadian
rhythms?
2. Describe the effects of jet lag on cognitive function.
3. Explain the role of melatonin in regulating sleep and wakefulness.
4. How do endogenous circadian rhythms differ between "morning people"
and "night owls"?
5. Discuss the impact of light exposure on the circadian rhythm.
8.2 Stages of sleep and brain mechanism
Multiple choice questions
1. What characterizes a coma?
A. Periods of brief purposeful actions
B. Increased awareness of surroundings
C. Low level of brain activity and no response to stimuli
D. Intermittent alternation between sleep and arousal
8.1 Rhythms of waking and sleeping
Multiple choice questions
1. What distinguishes endogenous circannual rhythm from endogenous
circadian rhythm?
A. Tells around what time of year it is
B. Tells around what time of day it is
C. Regulates sleep and wakefulness
D. Activates chemical breakdown of TIM protein
2. What is a zeitgeber?
A. Protein responsible for PER and TIM synthesis
B. Internal clock for marine animals
C. Stimulus that resets circadian rhythm
D. Chemical found in sponges
3. What is the primary zeitgeber for land animals?
A. Exercise
B. Temperature of the environment
C. Light
D. Meals
4. What characterizes jet lag?
A. Disruption of circannual rhythms
B. Staying awake later and awakening later
C. Going to bed and awakening earlier
D. Memory enhancements
5. Which structure in the hypothalamus is the main driver of rhythms for
sleep and body temperature?
A. Locus coeruleus
B. Reticular formation
C. Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
D. Basal forebrain
6. What is the function of melatonin?
A. Enhancing memory
B. Regulating sleep and wakefulness
C. Controlling body temperature
D. Stimulating appetite
7. What effect does light exposure have on the circadian rhythm?
A. Delays the circadian rhythm
B. Advances the circadian rhythm
C. Has no effect on the circadian rhythm
D. Disrupts the production of melatonin
, 8. How do individuals with phase-delay experience jet lag?
A. Staying awake later and awakening later
B. Going to bed and awakening earlier
C. Memory enhancements
D. Disruption of circadian rhythms
9. Which genes are responsible for producing circadian rhythms?
A. Period and timeless
B. Orexin and histamine
C. Acetylcholine and adenosine
D. Dopamine and norepinephrine
10. What effect does prolonged sleep apnea have on the brain?
A. Decreased memory impairments
B. Increased volume of the hippocampus
C. Loss of neurons
D. Enhanced cognitive function
Open questions
1. How does the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulate circadian
rhythms?
2. Describe the effects of jet lag on cognitive function.
3. Explain the role of melatonin in regulating sleep and wakefulness.
4. How do endogenous circadian rhythms differ between "morning people"
and "night owls"?
5. Discuss the impact of light exposure on the circadian rhythm.
8.2 Stages of sleep and brain mechanism
Multiple choice questions
1. What characterizes a coma?
A. Periods of brief purposeful actions
B. Increased awareness of surroundings
C. Low level of brain activity and no response to stimuli
D. Intermittent alternation between sleep and arousal
