PNR 120 Exam 3 (Answered) Complete Solution

PNR 120 Exam 3 (Answered) Complete Solution Skin functions -protective covering -waterproof due to keratin -barrier to bacteria and other invading organism -protects underlying tissues from thermal, chemical, and mechanical injury -regulates body temp -converts ultraviolet rays to vitamin d -melanin protects tissue from UV light -nerve receptors transmit feelings of heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure age related changes in skin and structure -decreased elastic fibers -loss of collagen fibers -skin becomes thinner and more transparent -reduced sebaceous gland activity -reduction in melanocyte activity -decrease in hair follicles -some areas of melanocytes increase (senile lentigines/ age spots) prevention of integumentary system hygiene, diet, age, environment -coumadin can make skin brittle dx of integumentary system -skin biopsy -c/s -microscopic test -special light inspection -diascopy -skin patch testing Braden Scale Pressure ulcers lower the number, higher the risk 4-23 less than 17 = risk for pressure ulcers risk factors for skin tears -dehydration -ecchymoses -friction, shearing, pressure from bed or chair -impaired sensory perception or mobility -medications like corticosteroids -renal disease, CHF, stroke -incorrect removal of adhesive dressings -rough handling when being moved Payne-Martin Classification System -Category I: a skin tear without tissue loss -Category II: a skin tear with partial tissue loss -Category III: a skin tear with complete tissue loss in which the epidermal flap is missing Skin Tear Protocol -Continuously cleanse the wound -Conform to the wound -Absorb exudates -Keep the wound bed moist and reduce pain and discomfort inflammatory infections examples Dermatitis, Acne, Psoriasis,Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis bacterial infection examples Cellulitis, Furuncles, Carbuncles viral infection examples Herpes Simplex, Herpes Zoster fungal infection examples tinea pedis (athletes foot) tinea cruris (jock itch) tineacapitis (ringworm) tinea barbae (barber's itch) moniliasis (thrush) onychomycosis (nail fungus) parasitic infection examples Pediculosis, Scabies dermatitis types and tx -contact dermatitis: local skin irritation. Redness welling and itching -atopic dermatitis: eczema -Stasis dermatitis: Due to venous stasis. Redness, itching, and hyperpigmentation -Seborrheic dermatitis: Inflammation of the scalp and other areas. Lesions are scaly white or yellowing plaques and itching tx: avoid contact irritant or allergen, good lubrication, preserve skin moisture, control inflammation and itching, corticosteroids acne etiology, patho,s/s - papules and pustules - acne vulgaris and acne rosacea dx and tx (VADAR) -Retinoic acid (tretinoin) -Azelaic acid (azelex) -dermabrasion -Veltin Gel -Antibiotics topically and orally Psoriasis Etiology, pathophysiology, signs, and sy