Pilates Anatomy Basi Exam Questions with correct
Answers (2024/2025)
Median plane - -Dividing the body into right and left halves
Sagittal Plane - -Dividing the body into unequal right and left portions
Coronal Plane - -Dividing the body into front and back portions
Transverse Plane - -Dividing the body into upper and lower portions
10 Pilates Principles - -Awareness, Balance, Control, Efficiency, Precision, Breath, Concentration,
Center, Flow, Harmony
Synovial Joint - -Freely moving joint. ie: hip, shoulder etc.
Fibrous Joint - -Immovable joint. Ie: skull bones (connected by dense tissue)
Flexion - -movement in an anterior direction for the upper extremities and hip joint and
movement in a posterior direction for the lower extremities
Extension - -movement in the direction opposite to flexion
Hyperextension - -excessive movement/position in the direction of extension e.g. knees, lumbar
and cervical curvatures of the spine
Abduction - -movement away from the mid-sagittal plane
Adduction - -movement towards the mid-sagittal plane
,Lateral Flexion - -(of the spine) side bending of the trunk to the right or left. lateral movement of
the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal plane and around the sagittal axis
Multi directional - Glilding - -flat or curved surfaces articulating on one another. ie: scapula
Circumduction - -combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction . ie: leg circles
Rotation - -Turning around the long axis of a bone
Tilt - -anterior tilt, posterior tilt and lateral tilt (equates to lateral flexion)
Planter flexion - -pointing of the foot
dorsi flexion - -flexing on the foot
Cartilaginous Joints - -slightly movable - ie: sacroiliac joint
Categories of Synovial Joints - -Gliding Joints (clavicle-scapula)
Ball and socket joint (hip, shoulder)
hinge joint (knee, elbow, ankle)
pivot joint (atlas-axis, pivot w/ head)
condyloid joint (metacarpals-phalangeal/fingers)
saddle joint (carpal-metacarpal/thumb)
Anterior/Ventral - -Front side/in front of
Posterior/Dorsal - -Backside/ in back of
Medial - -Closer to the median plane/toward midline
, Sagittal Axis - -Extends from font to back and abduction-adduction occurs around it
Coronal Axis - -Extends from side to side/flexion-extension occurs around it
Longitudinal axis - -top to bottom/medial-lateral rotation occurs around it
Anatomical Position - -Standing with arms down by side and palms facing forward
Neutral Pelvis - -The position of the pelvis when the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) on each
side of the pelvis and pubic symphysis (PS), are in the same horizontal plane (coronal plane when erect)
and the two ASIS are in the same transverse plane.
Neutral Spine - -natural curves of the spine are present
Anterior Tilt - -ASIS in front of PS
Posterior Tilt - -ASIS behind PS (tuck)
ASIS - -Anterior superior iliac spine - hip bones
Pubic Symphysis (PS) - -Disk of cartilage connects pubics of both sides together.
Muscles groups that act on the pelvic complex - -Spinal flexors
Spinal extensors
Hip flexors
Hip adductors
Hip external rotators
Pelvic Floor
Answers (2024/2025)
Median plane - -Dividing the body into right and left halves
Sagittal Plane - -Dividing the body into unequal right and left portions
Coronal Plane - -Dividing the body into front and back portions
Transverse Plane - -Dividing the body into upper and lower portions
10 Pilates Principles - -Awareness, Balance, Control, Efficiency, Precision, Breath, Concentration,
Center, Flow, Harmony
Synovial Joint - -Freely moving joint. ie: hip, shoulder etc.
Fibrous Joint - -Immovable joint. Ie: skull bones (connected by dense tissue)
Flexion - -movement in an anterior direction for the upper extremities and hip joint and
movement in a posterior direction for the lower extremities
Extension - -movement in the direction opposite to flexion
Hyperextension - -excessive movement/position in the direction of extension e.g. knees, lumbar
and cervical curvatures of the spine
Abduction - -movement away from the mid-sagittal plane
Adduction - -movement towards the mid-sagittal plane
,Lateral Flexion - -(of the spine) side bending of the trunk to the right or left. lateral movement of
the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal plane and around the sagittal axis
Multi directional - Glilding - -flat or curved surfaces articulating on one another. ie: scapula
Circumduction - -combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction . ie: leg circles
Rotation - -Turning around the long axis of a bone
Tilt - -anterior tilt, posterior tilt and lateral tilt (equates to lateral flexion)
Planter flexion - -pointing of the foot
dorsi flexion - -flexing on the foot
Cartilaginous Joints - -slightly movable - ie: sacroiliac joint
Categories of Synovial Joints - -Gliding Joints (clavicle-scapula)
Ball and socket joint (hip, shoulder)
hinge joint (knee, elbow, ankle)
pivot joint (atlas-axis, pivot w/ head)
condyloid joint (metacarpals-phalangeal/fingers)
saddle joint (carpal-metacarpal/thumb)
Anterior/Ventral - -Front side/in front of
Posterior/Dorsal - -Backside/ in back of
Medial - -Closer to the median plane/toward midline
, Sagittal Axis - -Extends from font to back and abduction-adduction occurs around it
Coronal Axis - -Extends from side to side/flexion-extension occurs around it
Longitudinal axis - -top to bottom/medial-lateral rotation occurs around it
Anatomical Position - -Standing with arms down by side and palms facing forward
Neutral Pelvis - -The position of the pelvis when the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) on each
side of the pelvis and pubic symphysis (PS), are in the same horizontal plane (coronal plane when erect)
and the two ASIS are in the same transverse plane.
Neutral Spine - -natural curves of the spine are present
Anterior Tilt - -ASIS in front of PS
Posterior Tilt - -ASIS behind PS (tuck)
ASIS - -Anterior superior iliac spine - hip bones
Pubic Symphysis (PS) - -Disk of cartilage connects pubics of both sides together.
Muscles groups that act on the pelvic complex - -Spinal flexors
Spinal extensors
Hip flexors
Hip adductors
Hip external rotators
Pelvic Floor
