MCAT Hormones questions well answered graded A+

MCAT Hormones Releasing and Inhibiting Factors - correct answer HYPOTHALAMUS - ANTERIOR PITUITARY: modifies activities Growth Hormone (GH) - correct answer ANTERIOR PITUITARY: increases bone and muscle growth, increases cell turnover rate Prolactin - correct answer ANTERIOR PITUITARY - MAMMARY GLAND: milk production Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - correct answer ANTERIOR PITUITARY - THYROID: increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormone (tropic) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - correct answer ANTERIOR PITUITARY - ADRENAL GLAND: increases growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex Luteinizing hormone - correct answer ANTERIOR PITUITARY - OVARY/ TESTES: ovulation or testosterone synthesis Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - correct answer ANTERIOR PITUITARY - OVARY / TESTES: follicle development or spermatogenesis Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) - correct answer POSTERIOR PITUITARY - KIDNEY: water retention Oxytocin - correct answer POSTERIOR PITUITARY - BREAST & UTERUS: milk letdown and uteral contractions Thyroid hormone (TH, thyroxine) - correct answer THYROID: in the child it is necessary for physical and mental development; in the adult, it increases metabolic rate and temperature Calcitonin - correct answer THYROID C CELLS - BONE, KIDNEY, SMALL INTESTINE: lowers serum [Ca2+] Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - correct answer PARATHYROIDS - BONE, KIDNEY, SMALL INTESTINE: raises serum [Ca2+] Thymosin - correct answer THYMUS: is involved in T-cell development during childhood. Epinephrine - correct answer ADRENAL MEDULLA: sympathetic stress response (rapid) Cortisol (glucocorticoid) - correct answer ADRENAL CORTEX: results in a longer-term stress response; increased blood [glucose]; increased protein catabolism; decreased inflammation and immunity; many other Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) - correct answer ADRENAL MEDULLA - KIDNEY: increased Na+ reabsorption to increase blood pressure Sex steroids - correct answer ADRENAL CORTEX: not normally important, but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization. Insulin - correct answer BETA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE PANCREAS: decreases blood [glucose]; increases glycogen and fat storage; it is activated at high blood [glucose] and is absent or ineffective in diabetes melitus Glucagon - correct answer ALPHA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE PANCREAS: secreted at low blood [glucose] and results in an increase in blood [glucose] and decrease in glycogen and fat storage