The Endocrine System MCAT with complete solutions

The Endocrine System MCAT Exocrine glands - correct answer Release enzymes to the external environment through ducts Endocrine glands - correct answer Release hormones directly into body fluids Receptors - correct answer Hormones bind to these proteins and they are highly specific for one type of hormone Peptide hormones - correct answer Hormones derived from peptides that may be large or small and often include carbohydrate portions. Manufactured in the rough ER. Water soluble Steroid hormones - correct answer Hormones derived from and often chemically similar to cholesterol. Formed in a series of steps taking place mainly in the smooth ER and mitochondria. They are lipids and require a protein transport molecule in order to dissolve into the blood stream Tyrosine derivatives - correct answer Hormones formed by enzymes in the cytosol or on the rough ER Effector - correct answer Target cell of the peptide hormone, the cell that the hormone is meant to effect Intracellular second messenger - correct answer When a peptide hormone binds to a receptor, the receptor may activate another messenger Peptide hormones: Anterior pituitary hormones (adenohypophysis) - correct answer GH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, TSH, ACTH Peptide hormones: Posterior pituitary hormones (neurohypophysis) - correct answer Oxytocin, ADH/Vasopressin