CE 391 Spring 2022 Final Exam Word Bank, CE 391 Final Exam WEIRS

CE 391 Spring 2022 Final Exam Word Bank, CE 391 Final Exam WEIRS Small dam built across river to control the upstream water level FLUMES Human-made channel for water, in the form of an open decline gravity chute whose walls are raised above the surrounding terrain STAGE DISCHARGE Relationship between the amount of water flowing in a river or stream and stage at any particular point INTERCEPTION The storage and subsequent evaporation of rainfall by above-ground structures THROUGHFALL The process which describes how wet leaves shed excess water onto the ground surface NON-UNIFORM VARIED FLOW Results from gradual or sudden changes in the cross sectional area DEPRESSION STORAGE Small low points in undulating terrain that can store precipitation that otherwise would become runoff TIME OF CONCENTRATION Measure the response of a watershed to a rain event AQUIFER Rock layer that contains water and releases in appreciable amounts GROUNDWATER Water that exists underground in saturated zones beneath the land surface RAPIDLY VARIED FLOW When the water depth or velocity changes abruptly over a short distance and the pressure distribution is not hydrostatic SPECIFIC STORAGE The amount of water that a portion of an aquifer releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head, while remaining fully saturated HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY (K),represents the capacity of a porous medium (such as soil) to transmit water, as per Darcy's Law HYDRAULIC GRADIENT The driving force that causes groundwater to move in the direction of maximum decreasing total head WELL-DRAW DOWN The difference between the pumping water level and the static (non-pumping) water level BAROMETER An instrument used to measure pressure head in a conduit, tank, soil, etc. MANOMETER (a.k.a piezometer) used to measure underground water pressure DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT Used to model the relationship between flow and headloss through the valve being modeled EQUIVALENT HEIGHT Way of representing changes in the gravity field in hydrological units PRESSURE GRADIENT Slope of the water table or potentiometric surface, that is, the changes in water level per unit of distance along the direction of maximum head decrease GEOMETRIC CRITICAL FLOW The variation of specific energy with a depth at a constant discharge HYDROLOGIC CYCLE WATERSHED Area of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW Steady non-uniform flow with the velocity of water remaining constant at a specified point AREA OF FLOW EVAPORATION The transfer of liquid water into vapor state to the atmosphere INFILTRATION Process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil VISCOMETER Instrument that measures the fluid flow and viscosity of liquids TUBE TYPE FALLING SPHERE ROTATIONAL PRESSURE TRANSDUCER Pressure transmitters that can measure water pipe pressure BOURDON GAGE Used for the measurement of relative pressure from 0.8 to 100,000 psi LYSIMETER Devices that define a specific boundary to contain soil water and permit measurement of either the soil-water balance or the volume of water percolating vertically and/or its quality EVAPORATION PAN Used to test evaporation of water, measured by comparting depth of water in pan GRAVIMETRIC METHOD A method of quantitative chemicals analysis in which the constituent sought is converted into a substance (of known composition) that can be separated from the sample and weighed INFILTROMETER Device used to measure the rate of water infiltration into soil or other porous media. HYDROMETER Device used to measure characteristics of a liquid, such as density or specific gravity CRITICAL STEP HEIGHT